ビジネス英語ディクテーション

ただ聞こえてきたままにタイプしてアップしてるだけの地味なブログです。

2020年01月

「ルリボシカミキリの」 福岡伸一 …なかなかよかったよ。



P11

 私はたまたま虫好きが嵩じて生物学者になったけれど、今、君が好きなことがそのまま職業に通じる必要は全くないんだ。大切なのは、何かひとつ好きなことがあること、そしてその好きなことがずっと好きであり続けられることの旅程が、驚くほど豊かで、君を一瞬たりともあきさせることがないということ。そしてそれは静かに君を励ましつづける。最後の最後まで励ましつづける。

 

P20-21

謎の物質の物語

謎の物質があった。科学者達たちはこの物質の重要性に気がついていた。しかしその構造は不明だった。強い酸とともに煮ると、物質はバラバラに壊れた。破片を調べてみると化合物、A、B、C、Dの四種類からなっていた。その後、謎の物質はいろいろな場所から見つかった。物質はどれもA、B、C、Dの四要素のみからなっていた。しかし、四要素がどれくらいずつ含まれるからには規則性がなかった。ある場所からとってきたサンプルには、Aが多く、別の場所からとってきたサンプルには、Cが多く含まれていた。どうやら四要素は数珠玉のように連結しているようだが、その並び順にも特別な法則はなさそうだった。しかしこの物質の謎を解明すれば、世界を征服できる。皆そう信じていた。

老学者が長考のすえ、ある事実に気づいた。そこにはとてつもなく大切な秘密が隠されているように誰もが感じた。しかし誰ひとりその意味を読み解くことができなかった。老学者が見つけたのはこういうことだった。この物質は、A、B、C、D四つの要素からなりたっていて、その含有量はサンプルによって違う。しかし、どのサンプルでも、Aの量とBの量を比べると同じであり、Cの量とDの量を比べてもまた同じである、と。

 老学者は、自分が聖杯のありかまであと一歩に迫っていることを知っていた。自分が勝利者になることを確信していた。昼も夜も、書いては消し、ためつすがめつ考えたがどうしてもわからなかった。そんなある日、風の便りが流れてきた。異国の名も知らぬ若者が、謎を解いたと、老学者は耳を疑った。そしてそれが根も葉もない間違いであることを祈った。しかしそれは虚報ではなく事実だった。

 謎の物質は確かに四つの要素が数珠玉のように連なるひも状の構造をしていた。しかし重要なことはそのひもが一本ではなく、二本あるということだった。そして二本あるひもはそれぞれ独立して存在するのではなく、ファスナーのように互いに向かい合っている。一方のひものAの一に対応して、他方のひとのその位置にはBが、一方のひもにCがあれば、他方のひもにDがおかれる。AとB、CとDはちょうどパズルのピースのように組み合わさることができる。一方のひもが、ABBADCBという連なりを持てば、他方のひもは、BAABCDAという配列をとる。ゆえにこの二本のひもからなるファスナーの要素をバラバラにすると、Aの量=Bの量、Cの量=Dの量となる。老学者は眼を閉じて天を仰いだ。遺伝物質DNAの謎が明らかとなった瞬間だった。なぜこのような構造が重要なのか。それは一方のひもの情報があれば、他方のひもの情報が決定できるからである。ファスナーは二つ分かれて、それぞれ新しい相手を作る。するとファスナーは二倍に増える。つまりDNAはその美しい構造のうちに、自己複製するための機能を過不足なく内包していたのである。

 

P39

 消化管におけるこのような「見張り役」の発見は世界で初めてのことである。いったんは探すのをあきらめかけたGP2の機能にはこんな隠れた働きがあったのだ。この発見は、科学専門誌『ネイチャー』(20091112日号)に掲載された。これは福岡ハカセにとっても、大切に育ててきたマウスたちにとっても、とてもうれしい出来事となった。

 

P61

 新種の発見者となる夢はもろくもついえた。しかしその日、私はもっと大きな発見をした。こんな生き方があるということを知ったのだ。

 

P63-64

 …なかでも大切な料理の基本は、いかに段取りよく作業を進めるか、ということだった。限られた時間で、手際よく何品かのメニューを作る。そのためにはまず最初に工程をよく見渡して、何をどのような順番でどうこなしていくか、必要なら片づけのことまで考えて調理器具や食器を選ぶ。そのすべてをまず想像することが一番重要だということである。鳥のスープなら、包みを開けるよりもなによりも先に大きな鍋にたっぷりとお湯を沸かすことから始める。あれこれいろいろ始めてその地点に至った後、ああそうだお湯を沸かさなきゃ、ではだめなのである。研究や実験もまさに同じ。このコンセプトはその後、人生のあらゆる局面で役立った。

 

P76-77

 …教育にたずさわる私たちは何ごとかをもっともらしく語ることはできる。けれどもそれは彼ら彼女らの内部にどれほど深く届いているのか、渇きをいかほどかいやし、果して新たな思想をはぐくみうるのか。それは実際のところほとんど期待できないことであり、期待してはいけないことなのだ。

 

P78

 中学だったか高校だったか、顔や名前すら忘れてしまったが、あるとき数学の先生が教えてくれた。関数、関数って教科書に書いてあるけど、これはほんとうは函数と書くんですよ。つまり函があってこっちから数をいれるともう一方からポンと別の数が出てくる。そういう仕組みが函数なんです。そうなんだ。それ以降、三角関数でも指数関数でも、関数が出てくるたびに私にはそれがちゃんと函に見えた。

 

P81

 …しかし「偶然そうなったとは思えない」出来事は、ずっと昔、ヒトがごくごく狭い生活圏にと限られた体験にもとづいて稀な事象を抽出していたからこそやくだったのだ。

 ところが現在、私たちの直感はそれほど変化しないまま、今や生活圏と体験はネットやメディアによってバーチャルなものとして地球規模にまで拡大している。そこにあるのは巨大な母集団である。「偶然そうなったとは思えない」出来事はいくらでも起こりうる。

 

P83-84

 …時々、教師はレコーダーを止めて、ここは変わった言い回しですねとか、この発音は聞き取りにくいねえ、などと注釈とも感想ともつかないことを述べた。なんだこれ、ひどい手抜き授業だ。講義が終わって教師が帰ると、私たちは口々に文句を言い合った。

 

P84

 …そう、あの教師は、自分が知ってうれしかったこと、学んで面白かったことを私たちに伝えてくれたのだ。

 

P87

 呼気に含まれるCO2は大気中の約一〇〇倍。一週間に人間が排出する炭素の重さは実に五~六kgにもなる。これこそがまさに食べたものの燃えカスだ。これに汗や呼気中の水蒸気などの水分の排出を足し合わせるとようやくインプットの一五kgと収支があう。でも授業の本番はこれから。自分が出したCO2の行方を追うのだ。想像力で。教室を出たCO2は、校庭の草や木に吸収されて葉っぱや実になる。それを虫が食べる。鳥が海を渡りその途中でフンを落す。それを小さなプランクトンが食べる。プランクトンは魚の餌。小魚をマグロが食べる。そのマグロは君の大好きなお刺身となって、君の身体に戻り、しばしとどまりやがて抜け出ていく。

 食べるという行為を通して、呼吸の中を分子が循環し、自分が吐いたCO2がまわり回ってまた自分たちに戻ってくる。生きているとはこの流れのこと。流れを止めないために私たちは食べる。

 

P96

 …教えることは同時に教えられることでもある。

 

P97

 …今、思い返してみると無味乾燥な受験勉強にもいろいろな副産物があったのだ。特に国語の問題文は、そこで強制的に読まされるのでなければなかなか出会えない著者をかいま見る、またとない機会を与えてくれた。

 

P98-99

 かくいう福岡ハカセももちろん頻出とまでは全然いかないけれど、自分が書いたものが入試や模試の問題にときどき使われるようになった。若い人たちに読まれていると思うと、たいへん光栄なことである。一方で拙文についてあれこれ悩ませているとすれば何だか申し訳ない。

 もちろんことの性格上、事前に通知はない。無断借用である。しかも著作権料なども発生しない。これは公益目的の引用ということで法的にも認められているそうだ。ただ、事後には一応、お知らせがくる。問題の写しといっしょに。S台予備校は、私の書いた新書のエピローグをまるまる使って模擬試験を作っていた。添えられた分厚い解説を見て、その深い読みに私は脱帽した。この文章で、私は、少年時代の二つの思い出を書いた。ひとつは採集した蝶の蛹を倉庫にしまったまま忘れて、次の年になっておそるおそる開けてみたということ。もうひとつは、トカゲの卵が孵化するのを待てずに、覗き穴をあけてしまったこと。解説によれば、この二つのエピソードは、著者にとって生命をめぐる感慨として見事な対称を成している。ひとつは生命の自律性について。他方はその生命の脆弱さについて。すごいなあ。こんなことは書いている最中には(そして書いたあとも)著者自身、全く思いつかなかったことである。

 

P101-102

 昔、こんな話を聞いた。十分練りに練った問題(入試問題)を出題した。出題者は考えさせる良問だと自負していた。ところが、試験開始後、しばらくたった時のこと。待機室に緊急連絡が入った。受験生から質問が出ています。「問題が解けない。数値が間違っているのではないか」と。馬鹿な。そんなはずはない。この場で簡単に模範解答を作ってみせるよ。ところが出題者は紙に鉛筆を走らせたまま、一向に顔を上げない。そればかりではない。何度も何度も計算をやり直している。額には汗。口からはうなされたような独りごとが絶え間なく発せられる。かなりの時間が経過した。まだ解けない。試験中の質問には何らかの回答が必要だ。訂正も時間内ならばなんとかなる。しかし解けない。おかしい。出題者仲間もそれぞれ解答を試みるが、皆、焦るばかり。そもそも出題者本人も解けない問題が解けるはずがない。待機室はパニックに陥った。そのまま時間切れ。試験は終了した。

 あとになって重大なことが判明した。なんと文中に与えられた数値の小数点がずれていたのである。誰も気づかなかった。校正でも見過ごされていた。しかしミスはミスであり、しかも決定的なミスだった。そのうえ設問の配点が大きかった。混乱はあとあとまで尾を引くことになった。

 福岡ハカセは出題者の焦燥が手に取るようにわかる。自分が作った、解けるはずの問題がどうしても解けない。必死に走っているのに身体が前に進まない。カフカ的状況。この悪夢に心底震撼する。それは明日にもやってくるかもしれないのだ。

 

P108

…近代科学は、世界を分けて分けて分けてきた。そして何かを分かった気分になった。でもそれは幻想だった。パーツはどこまでいってもパーツでしかない。遺伝子はすべてゲノムから切り取られた、解読されたけれど、生命のありようは何も解けてはいない。分けた瞬間に失われたものがあるからだ。

 

P114-115 

…そもそも論をいえば、狂牛病は、牛が狂った病気というよりは、人が牛を狂わせた病気、つまり人災である。だから福岡ハカセはこの病気を無機的に「BSE」と呼ばず、狂牛病と呼びつづけるべきといってきた。英国で牛を早く太らせ、たくさんミルクを取るために、家畜の死体を原料に作った肉骨粉を食べさせた。草食動物を肉食動物にかえた上に共食いを強要した。そこに病原体が紛れ込んで、牛が一斉に感染した。病死した牛が再び餌となって被害が拡大した。しかも一九八〇年頃、原油価格の高騰を受けて、肉骨粉製造の加熱工程が簡略化され、病原体が生き残るチャンスを広げた。肉骨粉が原因と判明したあと英国はこれを禁止した。しかしそれは国内の話。汚染された飼料は英国外に流出し、それが狂牛病を日本や米国にまで飛び火させた。つまり狂牛病禍の裏には二重三重の人為の連鎖がある。

 

P119

 死体さえ存在しなければ、殺人事件は立件できない。死体を完全に消し去ることは可能だろうか。古来、様々な方法が試みられ、いずれも無残な失敗に終わった。山林に埋めれば野犬が掘り返し、骨や毛髪は長期間残存する。重りをつけて海中に沈めれば、体内にたまった腐敗ガスが巨大な浮力となって浮かび上がる。

 バラバラにするのも全くたやすいことではない。なぜなら生物としてのヒトの身体はとてもウエットで、かつハードで、かつリアルなものだから。筋肉は強靱な腱組織が走る固い組織である。そして骨。これを切断するのは大仕事である。大腿骨は太くて長い。頭蓋骨は大きくて重い。とても台所の包丁や日曜工具ののこぎり程度でこなごなにできる代物ではない。

 

P124-125

…たとえ一日中ヒッキーしてても、心臓と肺を動かし、体温を維持し、細胞を活動させるエネルギー。この必要なエネルギー量が、成人で一日あたりおよそ二〇〇〇キロカロリー。

 

 つまりケーキ一切れは五〇〇キロカロリー。もし、あなたが朝から何も食べていなければ、このケーキをペロリと食べても一グラムたりとも太ることはありません。五〇〇キロカロリーはすべて基礎代謝に必要なエネルギーとして燃やされて、燃えカスは水と二酸化炭素となって呼気や汗とともに排出されてしまうから。

 

P126

 キリンの首はなぜ長い? キリンは高いところにある葉っぱが食べたくて、首をのばそう、のばそうと日々、そして世代を超えて努力しつづけました。こうしてキリンの首はだんだん長くなっていったのです - 今日の生物学において、このような説明の仕方は、あっさり、きっぱり、完膚なきままに否定されている。

 

P127-128

 それに関してこんな帖佐がある。一流と呼ばれる人々は、それがどんな分野であれ、例外なくある特殊な時間を共有している。幼少期を起点としてそのことだけに集中し専心したゆまぬ努力をしている時間。それが少なくとも一万時間ある。一日三時間練習をするとして、一年に一千時間、それを十年にわたってやすまず継続するということである。その極限的な努力の上にプロフェッショナルという形質が獲得される。それをあえて強要する環境が、親から子へ伝わっているのだ。

 そう思うと別の、ある事実が納得できる。一国の主に限らず、議員でも会社でも芸能界でも、どんな組織にあってもいわゆる二世、三世はおしなべて、なぜ、かくも弱く、薄く、粘りがないのか。それは外形だけは親から伝えられているものの、肝心の一万時間の内実が与えられていないからである。

 

P130

…生物学は「なぜ(why)疑問」には本質的に答えることができない。せいぜい「いかにして(how)疑問」になんとか答えられるかどうかが関の山なのである。

 

P145

…福岡ハカセが驚いたのは、アクアフェアリー社というベンチャーが開発した、超小型の純水素型燃料電池。水素は低炭素社会の究極の切り札と目されている。エネルギー源として、石油や石炭でなく水素を使う。化石燃料は燃やすと二酸化炭素が出る。でも水素は燃やすとエネルギーと水になるだけ。その志やよし。問題はどうやって水素を作り出すか。どのようにして水素を貯めておくか。そのインフラが出来ないと水素エネルギーは夢想でしかない。でも大規模な仕組みではなく、せめて身の回りの機器、携帯電話やパソコン、音楽機器やデジカメといったものだけでも、水素社会を先取りできないか。それができちゃったのである。ちょうどUSBメモリースティックをちょっと太くした程度の大きさ。ブラックボディ。細かい穴があいている。カートリッジを差し込むと内部で水素が発生し、電気が生み出される。技術の鍵はカートリッジ中の水素発生剤である。わかったらあまりにもありきたりなものですよ、と開発者は笑ったが、化学を一通り勉強したはずのハカセもそれが何であるか全く想像できない。公開される日が楽しみ。とても有望な発明ではないか!

 

P153

…最長の皆既日食は、七分半。二一八六年七月十六日、南米ガイアナ沖で観測される。福岡ハカセも読者のみなさんも見ることはかなわない。人生は短く、宇宙はあまりにも悠久だ。

 

P165

…ハカセにはなったものの日本に職がなかった福岡ハカセは、拙い英語で求職の手紙を何十通も書いた。どこの馬の骨ともつかない東洋人を唯一、拾ってくれたのがここだった。

ここ→マンハッタンの北東部、観光客もそこまでは足をのばすこともないひっそりした区域にある古びた研究所

 

P166-167

…しかし彼ら・彼女らを特徴づけているのはその視点である。さらにいえばその視点の深度にある。校正者さんは、執筆者のように自己陶酔していない。編集者のように社交的でもない。読者代表でありながら、ストーリーに没入することを自ら禁じ、かといって表層的な書き間違いや表記の不統一だけを探しているわけでもない。深すぎず・浅すぎず、一定の深度を保ちつつ、水中のタナをスキャンして魚を探る熟達の釣師のような存在なのだ。

 

P167

 書き手、編集者、校正者。この間のてまひまが活字というものを支えているのである。

P171

…コンピュータ上で文字を読む時、最大の問題は画面がどこまでもスクロールできてしまうことである。

 

P172-173

 大学で教えているといつの頃からだろうか、辞書をパラパラ引く学生が全くいなくなった。福岡ハカセは今だに英語は黒くて分厚い研究者のリーダーズ英和辞典をめくらないと調べた気がしない。しかしきょうびの学生はパカッと電子辞書を開いてカチカチ文字を打つだけである。なんだかなあと思う。

 しかしこれはあくまで私たち旧世代人間の視点である。これから生まれてくる子供たちにとってPCやネットや携帯電話は生まれたときからそこに存在するものとしてある。彼らにとってそれはハイテクでもなく、ローテクでもない。アナログでもなく、デジタルでもない。彼らにとってそれは第一言語として目の前にある。どんな言語体系でもそれが第一言語なら、乾いた砂が水を吸い込むようにするすると学習できてしまう。それが脳の柔らかさだ。だから別に、書物がスクロールしようがリンクで飛ぼうがこれからの少年少女たちには何の違和感もないかもしれない。そうなれば紙の手触りやページをめくる感覚は、私たちの世代とともに消えゆくものかもしれない。

 

P177

…わたくしが感じ、心が動揺し、自己を実現したいのはすべて脳が作り出したはかない何ものかに過ぎない。

 

P177-178

 確かに、脳がなくなれば自己が消えるかどうか、それは現代の最先端生物学が逆立ちしても実験できないことである。

 

P183

 脳死を人の死とすることが決められてから十年以上が経過した。誰が決めたのか。「臓器の移植に関する法律」が、脳死した者の身体は「死体」に含まれると決めた。つまり、人が決める人の死は、生物学の死から離れて、どんどん前倒しされている。そしてその意図するところは、この法律の名のとおり、臓器移植を推進するためである。死体から、まだ生きている細胞の塊を取り出したいから。

 

P199

…なつかしさとは、いとおしいペットのような自己の記憶なのだ。時に人はそれに足をとら、しかし時にそれは解毒剤のように何かを溶かし慰撫してくれるものでもある。

 

P206

 国際会議の公式宣言、政府の声明、専門家の提言。こういったものが環境問題を解決できたためしはない。

 

P206-207

 (ルネ・)デュボスには、この際限のないいたちごっこが見えていたのだ。彼は環境思想家として活動を始めた。

 

P207

…そしてルネ・デュボスは一つの標語を提案した。三十年以上も前のことである。しかもそれは今なお新しい。

Think globally, act locally.

 

P208

 福岡ハカセは一介の生物学者に過ぎないけれど、ずっと生命のことを考えてきた立場からすれば、端的にいって、臓器移植という行為にかぎりない危惧を感じる。生命を構成する細胞は互いに関係しあっている。それゆえ生命は身体全体に宿っていると考えるからである。

 

P210

日本ではこれまでに八十一例の臓器移植が実施された。移植法を見直すのであれば、まずこれらについて、十分な有効性が検証され、またそれぞれのケースでドナー、レシピエント双方が何をどう感じ、今どのように考えているのか、きめ細かい調査が必要であろう。本人の積極的な拒否の意思表示がなければ、家族の同意だけでドナーになりうるというあり方も問題だ。子供の脳死については未解明のことが多い。脳死状態での生存が長期間継続する例がある。こんな状況にもかかわらず、あっという間に参院でも可決され、人の死が法律で確定されることになってしまった。

 

P212

…ずっと昔、抗体が作り出される仕組みは、外敵の侵入後、その形態に応じて急遽、合致する抗体が生産されると考えられていた。ところがこれは間違いだった。どんな外敵がやってきてもすぐに応戦できるように百万通り以上の抗体があらかじめ私たちの免疫系の中に用意されていたのだ。

 

P213

 地にあたる、残りの免疫細胞たちがなににどのように反応するか。それは免疫系と環境との相互作用で決められていく。本来、どこにでもあり、病原体のように増殖したり害作用ももたらすことのない、スギ花粉にも敏感に反応してしまうのが私たち非寛容なひとなのだ。

 

P219

…マイケル・ジャクソンのムーンウォークやロボット的な動きは、故意に、互いに他を律することをやめ、パーツが独立してふるまう動きだけを強調している。そこでは生命が消え、機械が浮かび上がってくる。

 

P220

 目に見えないけれどこの世界にはいろんな細菌がうじゃうじゃいる。机の上にも、空気中にも、手の表面にも。そして細菌はあらゆる食べ物に付着している。それを栄養源に、あっという間に細胞分裂して、二倍、四倍、八倍と倍々に増える。その過程で細菌は酸を出し、いやな臭いを発し、下手をすると毒素まで作る。

 

P223

…ハチたちは、こうして朝から晩まで働きづめに働いていった数週間のいのちを終える。

 

P237-238

 古い諺に、「馬を水辺に連れて行くことはできても、馬に水を飲ませることはできない」というものがある。私は、いつも自戒の意味を込めてこの言葉を反芻する。この諺は、学びという行為の不可能性を言い当てている。どんなに学ぶことが面白いことかを力説したとしても、実際に面白さを強いることは誰にもできないと。しかし、同時に、この諺は、学びという行為についてのある種の希望として読むこともできる。少なくとも私は、誰かを水辺に誘うことはできるかもしれない。あるいは、青の青さを、翅の輝きをほんとうに伝えることはできないけれど、誰かがその場所から出発し、かそけき星を求めてさまよう旅程を語ることならできるかもしれないと。


http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

(6)  Becoming a Cybrarian  


Sugita: In our current vignette, Alyce Collins announces that she's leaving A & A  to become a so-called cybrarian. You've spoken before about how much you love libraries, haven't you, Heather?

 

Heather: Yes. Indeed. Ah, when I was a teenager in Portland, Oregon, I used to hang out at the local library all the time, especially during summer break. In addition to books, I checked out a lot of music tapes - that's right, kids, the music was on cassette tapes back then. I also remember combing through ye olde card catalog to find reference materials for my school reports and such. What about you, Mr. Sugita?

 

S: I was a great fan of public libraries in my elementary school days. I took the bus to the library on weekends or after school, where I'd bury myself in books and then check out some to read at home. In those days, I was particularly interested in mystery novels by Japanese and foreign authors, including Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Dolye.

 

H: Libraries play such a vital role in society - we really should do everything we can to preserve them. You know, it couldn't hurt to see if there are any volunteer opportunities at our local libraries, you know, to ask if we can help support them in any way.

 

S: I was on a guided tour of the Chicago Public Library a few years ago and was amazed that U.S. libraries are now more than just where the books are. They offer things like free computer use and internet access, as well as help with job searches and genealogy research. In addition, they manage book clubs and provide free homework help desks for struggling students after school. You know, in general, I think U.S. librarians and cybrarians command a lot more public respect, just like firefighters and dietitians, than their counterparts overseas.

 

H: I especially like the idea of libraries supporting young people.

What better place to be a haven for the young than a building filled with fascinating information about the world and staff eager to help you access it?

One of the most important things kids can learn is that the world is a big place with many many different people in it.

 

S: Salmans also mentions the discounts and free passes that can be obtained at U.S. libraries.

 

H: I did a little reading on the various items and services that libraries in the U.S. provide and I found some fascinating things. Ah, there is a library in Philadelphia, for example, that lends out musical instruments and another that has cake pans. There were also several libraries in that city that checked out birding backpacks containing binoculars, maps, and a field guide. I also read about public libraries in the state of Georgia where you could check out things ranging from tents to telescopes, sewing machines. The article said some people used the sewing machines to tailor clothes for a job interview or tried out a machine before spending the money to get their own. There was even a fashion show featuring library users who had designed clothes using the machines.

 

 

Okay. Here we go.

 

That's all for today

 

It's always great to see you. Bye.

20200131ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers カップケーキ作りに挑戦

 

Measure 計量する 計る

Please use this cup to measure the sugar and flour.

このカップを使って砂糖と小麦粉を計量してください

Okay.

 

Mix 混ぜる Yes. 複数のものを1つになるように混ぜるというnuance

Mix the flour, butter, and sugar in the bowl.

小麦粉とバター、砂糖をbowlで混ぜましょう

 

Place 場所 verb 物を置く 配置する

Place the cups on the tray. *trayの上にカップを置いてください

*tray ovenの天板のimage

 

Bake 焼く ovenを使ってパンやお菓子などを焼くというimage

直火で焼くなら、 grill   フライパンならfryを使うのが一般的

Bake in the oven for 20 minutes. *oven20分焼いてください



20200130
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers いまさら

 

Late 遅い 遅れて Sorry I am late. 遅れてすみません

Too late 遅すぎる

It may be too late but I’d like to apologize.

遅すぎるかもしれないけど、謝りたいんです

 

Finally ついに とうとう

I finally watched the movie we talked about last year.

私、去年話をした映画をやっと見たよ

 

Belated be+lated 遅れた

Happy belated birthday! 遅くなったけど誕生日おめでとう。

Sorry for forgetting your birthday. Happy belated birthday!

君の誕生日のことを忘れていてごめんね。遅くなったけど誕生日おめでとう。

 

Stale 新鮮でない stale bread 古くなったパン

Stale idea 新鮮さのないidea 考え方 表現などが新鮮さに欠け古くさい

This news will be a stale story by tomorrow morning.

このnewsは明日の朝には新鮮味に欠ける話になるでしょう



20200129
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers

モノの位置・場所を伝える時に使える単語

 

Above 上に 基準となる何かよりも上の方にあるというimage

over 何かに覆い被さるようなimage

A lot of small insects are flying above his head.

沢山の小さな虫が彼の頭の上を飛んでいます

 

Below aboveとは反対 何かより下に 必ずしも真下にある必要はなくて下の方

I live below my landlord. 私は大家さんの下に住んでいます

 

Beside そばに 横に 何かのそば・横にいる状況のことを説明できます

My cat sleeps beside me on cold winter nights.

寒い冬の夜、ネコは私の横で寝ます

 

Among 間に 中で 複数の何かに囲まれている状況を説明できます

Among the crowd 群衆の中で

Among the trees 木々に囲まれて

This hotel is hidden among the trees.このホテルは木々の間に隠されています

→このホテルは木々に囲まれています



20200128

ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers バラバラにする

Separate 離す 分ける 元々1つのものやくっついていたものを引き離すimage

He is trying to separate the peas from the soup.

彼はスープから豆を分けようとしている

 

Take apart 分解する バラバラにする apart離れて

機械や家具などをバラバラにするimage

I took apart my radio and it never worked again.

ラジオを分解したら二度と動かなかった

 

Disjoint バラバラにする joint くっつける の逆

くっついていたところを外してバラバラにする つまり解体するというimage

The chef disjointed a chicken for dinner.

シェフは夕食用にchickenをバラバラにした

 

Disconnect 切断する 何か接続されていたものが切られるimage

電気やガスや電話などのserviceに関してよく使われます

The number you have dialed has been disconnected.

あなたがおかけになった番号は切断されています 使われていません



20200127
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 感情

喜怒哀楽いろんな気持ちを表現する単語

Feeling noun 気持ち 感情 feel verb 感じる

I have feelings for her. 私は彼女に特別な気持ちがあるんです

I have a feeling everything will okay. すべてうまくいく予感がします

I have a bad feeling about this. 嫌な予感がします STAR WARS

 

Emotion 感情 より強い感情のこと 情緒 心で感じて湧き出てくる

My nephew can’t control his emotions yet.

私の甥っ子はまだ感情をコントロールできません

 

Sentimental 感傷的な

I’m so sentimental. 私はとっても感傷的なんです

I get sentimental. 感傷的になる 切ない しんみりとした気持ちを表現

I always get sentimental when I visit my hometown.

故郷を訪れるといつも感傷的な気持ちになります

 

Passion 理性で制御できないような情熱

I’ve always had a passion for teaching English.

私は英語を教えることに情熱を賭けて取り組んできた

2020131Friday

Hello, everyone. Welcome back to the review session. This is the last review of this month. Let’s do our best. Rosa Akino here.

Exactly what I was going to say, Rosa. Yeah. This is a last day of the month. Let’s give it our all. Chris McVay here.

Lesson 200  Review

Listening challenge

Okay, everyone. Here’s the question.

Question: Why did Will and his wife go to Singapore?

A  To celebrate their 10th wedding anniversary

B  To see the Merlion

C  To experience tropical weather

Listen carefully everyone.

Okay.

Question: Which of the following is true?

A  Paul was sick.

B  Mirai was sick.

C  Sparky was sick.

Listen up.

Question: What is the relationship between the man and the woman?

A  They are siblings.

B  They are friends.

C  They are colleagues.

Here we go.

Question: Why does the man think Philip loves Mirei?

A  Because he always tells her the truth.

B  Because of the way he looks at her.

C  Because he enjoys teasing her.

Listen up.

 

Practical challenge

Hey, everyone. Remember this is a challenge question.

So, you don’t have to get everything perfect.

Just do your best and use as many of the things that you learned as possible.

And one hint to help you practice I think is to look in the mirror.

All right? This makes it feel more like a conversation and also you can check your facial expressions to see if they match the meaning of the words.

 

What’s up?

 

I’m sorry, but I can’t attend the meeting.

*the meeting 同僚にも あああれね と1つに決まる会議であるため

I’ve received a mail from an important client saying she needs to see me. That’s why I can’t go. 現在完了形 今出られない という状況につながっているから

Tell me what you discussed tomorrow, okay?

未来の事態に関してdiscussedと過去形が使われているのは、tomorrowの時点に身を置いているため

 

I’m afraid I won’t be able to attend this afternoon’s meeting. One of my most important clients has asked to meet me urgently.

*has asked 現在完了形 だから 今 meeting に行けないのだ と現在に焦点がある

Apparently, his company’s profits fell dramatically last quarter, so he wants some advice.

Anyway, could you please let me know what you discussed when I see you tomorrow?

丁寧な感触を与えるcould you pleasecombination

 

Hey, guys. So, I was wondering since both of you are so much older than me.

If you had any advice for life for some of our younger listeners.

Okay. No image, no English.

Oh! Pretty good.

Mine’s a bit more general. No sport, no life.

How about you, Rosa?

Well, I’d have to say, “No Ohnishi sensei, yes life.”

 

Bye.



2020
130Thursday

Rosa Akino.

Chris McVay here. Hi, Rosa. Um. You sound a bit nervous there.

Nervous? Not nervous. What are you talking about?

Huh! I’m just teasing you.

Lesson 199 Make sure you tell me how everything went tomorrow.


That’s right. I’m a bit nervous, to tell you the truth. 正直なところ


Oh, you’re just teasing me. *tease からかう ひやかす


Mmm. Maybe I will, and maybe I won’t. Ciao!

Chris, could you pronounce this word?

Yes. Obviously, it’s Italian. And it’s very easy to pronounce. It’s ciao.

And it’s becoming quite popular as an alternative to goodbye.

Hey, Rosa. Check out the textbook.

Hmm. Mmm. Maybe I will, and maybe I won’t.

Just kidding. I will

 

Check your grammar

You already know he adores you. 彼が君のことを大好きなことをもう知っているでしょう

*adore 心から愛する

I’ve seen the way he looks at you. *the way he looks at you 彼があなたを見るやり方

彼がどんなふうに君をみているのか、見たことがあります

 

Build up your vocabulary

Make sure you tell me how everything went tomorrow.

どんな状況だったのか明日必ず教えてくださいね

この文ではこれから起こる出来事についてhow everything wentpast が使われています。それは話し手がtomorrowに身を置いて話しているから

明日に自分がいると考えれば、すべては終わってしまったあと

I was quietly reading the paper in the café when suddenly this guy comes over and starts screaming at me.

カフェで静かに新聞を読んでいたら、突然男が近づいてきて僕にむかって叫び出すんだよ

過去の出来事にもかかわらずpresent が使われています。もちろんそれは過去の話をしている間に話し手がその状況に入り込んでしまったから

 

時表現に限らず心の中にあります

日本語訳や用法では、英語と心は結びつかない

 

Express yourself in English

I’m going for an interview this afternoon, so I’ll let you know how it went tomorrow.

今日の午後面接に行くから、明日どんな様子だったか話すよ

I’ll tell you what the trip was like when I get back.

帰ったら旅行がどんな様子だったのか話しますね

*what the trip was like… 何のようだったのか

 

So, the English language is so deep, isn’t it?

That’s right. But you know, our advice is always that if you learn through image power then everything becomes much easier and much clearer. Rosa?

And also much more interesting like solving a puzzle. So, English is very deep. It’s as deep as the ocean. But if you follow our lessons, we’ll help you navigate.

 

Bye.



2020
129Wednesday

究極のmenu vs. 至高のmenu

Wow! That was unbelievable acting. Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino.

This is Chris McVay. Yeah! The only word to use is “unbelievable!”

Lesson 197  where have I parked my car?

Welcome back, sis. How was your trip?

*sis = sister


I’m looking forward to hearing all your stories.

*be looking forward to …ing


I’ll let you handle the big suitcase.

*handle hand 手で取り扱う

No problem. Er… where have I parked my car? Airport parking garages are so confusing.

*airport parking garages 立体駐車場 空港の立体駐車場一般 plural

I am confused. 混乱してしまった


Well, there’s nothing confusing about our textbook.

All the explanations are crystal clear. Check it out!

 

Check your grammar

 

I’ll tell you about it on the way home. そのことは帰り道で話します

*on the way home 家に帰る途中

*onが使われているのは 線上 wayonを呼んでいる

*about 周り ~についていろいろ

What are big brothers for? お兄さんは何のためにいると思うのですか?

*Dionne & Friends “That’s What Friends Are For”

*big brothers 裸のplural 兄というものは

I should have taken the train. 私は電車に乗るべきでした

*should have p.p. 後悔を表す便利なphrase

 

Build up your vocabulary

 

Where have I parked my car? 僕は車をどこに駐車したのだろう?

現在完了形

今に迫ってくる形 話し手は過去に車をとめたその出来事を今に引きつけています

Where did I park my car? 僕は車をどこに駐車したのだろう?

過去形 あくまで思考は過去の出来事の上に漂っています

I told you not to play soccer here.

(狭い庭でsoccerをやって案の定窓硝子を割ってしまった子どもに母親が…)

ここでsoccerをやらないように言ったでしょう

過去形 母親の意識 Do you remember? あのとき言ったわよね、覚えている?

あくまで過去の出来事の上にある

I’ve told you not to play soccer here.

(狭い庭でsoccerをやって案の定窓硝子を割ってしまった子どもに母親が…)

ここでsoccerをやらないように言ったでしょう

現在完了形 And now, look what’s happened? ちゃんと言ったのに、それで何がおこったか見て と今のありさまに意識が置かれている

Yeah, and on top of that, if you use “I’ve told you not to play soccer here.”

そうですね。そして、I’ve told you not to play soccer here.を用いた場合、

We get the image of repeatedly…How many times have I told you not to play soccer here?

何度も何度も言ったでしょう! というimageが浮かぶのです。

 

英語は日本語訳で語ることはできない

英語には英語の感性が流れている

それを知りたいなら、imageの学習は欠かせない

 

Express yourself in English

 

I’ve twisted my ankle, so I can’t go skiing this weekend.

足首を捻挫したから、今週末はskiに行けないんだ

*anklet 足首に付ける輪っか

*ankle ˈæŋkl

*uncle ˈʌŋkl

Where have I put my keys? どこに鍵を置いたんだろう?

 

Ahh.. Where have I put my wallet?

You’re always losing your wallet.

And I’ll ask you to buy my lunch as always.

No way… As always.


2020
128Tuesday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Ready for another great lesson for today. Let’s get started.

Good idea, Rosa. This is Chris McVay.

Lesson 197  Oh, look. It’s stopped raining.


Why don’t we take shelter over there? *take shelter 雨宿りする 避難する


He couldn’t stop vomiting, but he’s much better now.

× very better


Oh, look. It’s stopped raining.

It’s the perfect time to check out the textbook.

 

Check your grammar

 

Paul wanted to go outside even though it’s raining.

雨が降っていてもPaulは外に出たがっていました

*even though though ~だが の強調

Actually, I had to take him to the vet last week.

実は先週、私の犬を獣医のところにつれていかなければなりませんでした

*must 今ひしひしと感じるpressureを表すから 過去とは相容れません

*actually 相手の予想外にあることを 実はね と切り出すphrase

 

Build up your vocabulary

 

Oh, look. It’s stopped raining. まあ、ほら、雨がやんだわ

現在完了形のimageは 迫ってくる

現在(手元)に向けて出来事がzoom up される感覚を伴う

It stopped raining. 雨がやみました 過去形

過去形の場合、遠くの現在と関わりのない出来事

現在完了形の場合、出来事は遠く離れているわけではなく「手元」で起こっています

I’ve read many interesting novels. 私はたくさんの面白い小説を読んだことがある

経験用法 過去の出来事を現在の経験として今に迫ってくる 引きつける感覚を伴う

I’ve lived in Tokyo since 2014. 私は2014年から東京に住んでいます

継続は過去から今に視線が向かっている 今に迫ってくる

I’ve broken my leg, so I can’t go with you. 脚の骨を折ったから一緒には行けません

結果は単に過去の出来事を述べているのではなく、過去の出来事のもたらした「現在」に焦点が当たっている

現在完了形のimage 迫ってくる

 

So, Chris. I’ve broken my leg, so…. It’s a very good combination, isn’t it?

Chrisさん、I’ve broken my leg, so… これってとてもいい組み合わせですよね?

Ah, for me, it’s the absolute perfect combination because, you know, we’re talking about the immediate result or consequence of the broken log. So this feeling of zooming up from the past to the present is perfect. ええ、私にとって、これって完璧な組み合わせです。というのは、脚を骨折した直接的な結果のことを話題にしています。だから、この過去から現在にzoom upする感覚は完璧なものなのです

That’s right. And just like you said in your explanation, “so” is really giving an explanation for what you just said before. その通り。ご説明で仰った通り、so は以前に仰ったことに向けての説明をしているのです

 

Express yourself in English

 

I’ve seen the Great Pyramids of Giza.

私はGizaGreat Pyramidsを見たことがあります

過去の経験を今に引きつけて述べるため 迫ってくる 現在完了形が使われている

I’ve been married for over 40 years. 私は結婚して40年以上になる

*married状態が40年以上続いた

継続用法 40年以上の間 marriedの状態にあるということ

視線は40年前から現在に向かっています for 期間

I’ve lost my boarding pass, so I’m in a big panic.

搭乗券をなくしちゃって大panicなんだよ

結果用法 なくしてしまい、今、手元にない

現在に焦点がある→今の状態に滑らかに文が続いている

 

Hey, I lost my wallet. So, I’m in a big panic.

Again?

That’s too bad.

Well, don’t ask us to buy you lunch.

That’s for sure.

Anyway, see you later.

Bye.

 

Hey! Wait a minute.

Bye.



2020
127Monday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Many of you may have trouble figuring out who Ohnishi sensei is imitating in his opening. Don’t worry. We don’t know either.

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Yes. It’s always a mystery isn’t it?

Lesson 196  Suddenly, it started pouring down.


And do lots of shopping, right? We played a lot of rugby.

Of course!

You and your wife are soaking wet in this photo.

*soaking level wet ずぶ濡れの びしょびしょの

Yes. Suddenly, it started pouring down.

It never rains but it pours. 降れば土砂降り


Typical tropical weather.

Exactly.

Well, guys. While you’re out doing lots of shopping, don’t forget to check out our textbook.

Of course.

Exactly.

 

Check your grammar

You look younger. あなたは、今より若く見えますね

*you = younger に見える とlookの意味が分全体にoverlapしています

That was taken in Singapore over ten years ago.

それは10年以上も前にSingaporeで撮られたものです

 

Build up your vocabulary

 

Suddenly, it started pouring down. 突然、土砂降りになったのです

過去形のimageは遠く離れた 現在と隔絶された感触を基調とする

I hoped you could lend me some money.

いくらかお金を貸していただけないかと思うのですが

丁寧さは依頼内容などから距離をとるところから生まれます

過去形を使えば距離感が生まれ丁寧な印象となる

 

So, what’s the exact feeling accompanied with this sentence?

この英文に伴う的確な感情は何でしょうか?

Well, for me, I would accompany it with a gesture of, you know, clasping your hands up to your chest and I hoped you could lend me some money. It’s almost like begging.

そうですね。私には、胸のところで手を組んで、「お金を貸していただけないかと思うのですが」と言っている。ほとんど懇願に近いです

How do you feel, Rosa? Rosaさんは?

Well, like you said, sensei, it really has that feeling of going around what you really wanna say, making it longer so that you don’t seem so forward. I hoped you could lend me some money. Like that.

そうですね。先生が仰ったように、本当にいいたいことを遠回しに言っている感じですね。だから英文も長くなって、ずうずうしく見られないようにしています。「お金を貸していただけないかと思うのですが」…みたいに

David could fix it. Davidなら直せるんじゃないかな

If I had a car, I could go to many places.

もし車を持っていたら、たくさんの場所に行けるのに

仮定法は 可能性がない・著しく低い ことを表す形

現在そうではない状況について 「もし~なら」と述べたいなら過去形が使われてます

仮定法に過去形が使われるのは、やはり 距離感

現実離れした 現実から乖離した感触が過去形によって表現される

 

Express yourself in English

 

Could I speak to Ms. Harris, please?

Harrisさんとお話しできますでしょうか?

If I spoke better English, I could get a job in an international company.

もし英語を話すのがもっと上手だったら国際的な会社で働けるのになぁ

→実際には上手なわけではない

現実離れした状況を仮定しているため

 

Chris, this is subjunctive, isn’t it? Chrisさん、これって仮定法ですよね?

That’s right. その通り

But we can’t avoid learning subjunctive. 仮定法の学習を避けることはできないですね

And on top of that, you know, for native speakers, it comes out so naturally.

というか、あのですね。ネイティブ・スピーカーにとっては自然に出てくるものなんです

So I think, you know, learners should relax about it. Just let it flow.

だから、思うんでが、あのですね。学習者はリラックスしたらいいです。ただ仮定法の文が流れ出るようにすればいいのです

It’s just like the past tense after all. 要するに過去形と全く一緒のようにね

That’s right. You don’t have to focus too hard on it but kind of try to get the feel of what it’s like. その通りです。あまりに考え込む必要はないのです。何と言うか、このようなものだという感じをとらえるようにしてみればいいのです

 

 

Hey, Chris. You look younger in this photo?

What are you talking about? He’s still young. Right, Chris?

何言っているんですか? Chrisさんは今でも若いですよ。ねぇ、Chrisさん。

Right! Can you hear that, Ohnishi sensei? Can you hear that? Thank you, Rosa.

聞こえましたよね、大西先生。聞いてたでしょう?ありがとうございます、Rosaさん。

 

Bye.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Becoming a Cybrarian (5)

 

Salmans says many libraries offer discounts and free passes to a variety of local attractions.

And Ueda says that America played a crucial role in developing the idea of public libraries.

He explains that the first lending library in America opened in 1731 and it's still going today.

Collins says that the largest library in the world is in the United States, the Library of Congress founded in 1800.

 

 

Best-kept secret: Salmans says, "One of the best-kept secrets about public libraries is that many offer discounts and free passes."

Best-kept secret, something that, ah, is really not widely known. A magazine article about good but not well-known restaurants might use this term. Like, Restaurant X is one of  Shinjuku's best-kept secrets. It serves delicious yakitori to a small clientele every night.

穴場

 

We also have the term "open secret", which generally refers to things that, you know, everybody knows, but just isn't like openly acknowledged. Or, people don't talk about it.

You might say, it's an open secret that, ah, he got that job because his father runs the company.

 

Oxymoron 2つの相反する言葉でなっている  公然の秘密 誰でも知っている秘密

 

Fitting:

 

Reinvent: Completely change the nature of something, you know, its function, its activities.

Ah, smartphones reinvented the world of mobile phones.

Or, you could say, after a long career in finance, Peter has reinvented himself as an interior decorator.

 

Reinvent oneself 自己改革する 自分自身を再び創造する

Reinvent a wheel 車輪を再発明する 

もうすでに発明されているものをその事実を知らないなどのために手間暇かけて再び発明する

一からやり直す 無駄な努力をする

 

Subscription free: Ueda says, "The Library Company of Philadelphia let members borrow books if they paid a subscription fee."

 

Lay claim to: Assert that this is ours, that we did this, or belongs to us.

Things like, Country X and Country Y both lay claim to that piece of land.

Or, Country X can lay claim to the world's largest consumption of beer.

 

Be founded in: Be established, be launched in this year. Our company was founded in 1923, for example. Or, our company was founded by three siblings 100 years ago. And company headquarters will often have a foundation stone, you know, indicating when building started.

 

Incredibly:

 

Valuable and unique:

 

Cultural resource:

 

Free pass: Salmans says, "many public libraries offer free passes to local attractions."

Salmans is talking about a pass that gives you free admission to something to an event or a facility. But we also use "free pass" about having the right to do something without being challenged or questioned. Such as, being a manager is not a free pass to be rude to one's staff. Or, being a senior employee is not a free pass to be late all the time.

 

Local attraction: The noun "attraction" can describe places, people, events that are meant to attract people. Guidebooks always have a section called "attractions", which lists things like, parks, museums, golf courses.

 

Some: Collins says, "The libraries in the United States, they include some 9,000 public libraries." Here "some" means "about, approximately." He's written some 20 books. Or, we've invited some 200 guests to the event.

 

A walking cybrary: Salmans says, "Alyce, you're already a walking cybrary."

This means something in human form, ah, the embodiment, a person who embodies a quality. I could say, he is a walking history book. He knows about everything about Japanese history.

 

Walking encyclopedia 歩く百科事典 / walking dictionary  歩く辞書 生き字引

Walking disaster 歩く災難 → 失敗ばかりしている人

 

 

That's all for today.

See you next time. Bye.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Becoming a Cybrarian (4)

 

Salmans says many librarians used to be ambiguous or hostile toward homeless people who came to their facilities.

But now more libraries are hiring social workers who can help them access various services.

He says that libraries are not just warehouses for books but are staffed by knowledgeable, passionate staff.

McMillan remembers how his school librarian opened him up to a world of learning.

 

 

Inspiring: Moving. Something that motivates us to take action ourselves or to feel a certain way. He gave an inspiring speech about the importance of volunteering. Or, her life story was so inspiring. It made me wanna be a scientist too.

 

Place of refuge: A place to find safety and support to escape from difficult or dangerous circumstances. And Salmans could say, "Libraries have long been a refuge for people who have nowhere to go." Ah, also we took refuge from the rain under a tree. Or, this café is a place of refuge amid his busy schedule.

 

Wild-life refuge  野生生物保護区

 

Ambiguous or even hostile attitude toward: "Ambiguous" means "unclear, indefinite, ah, vague." Ah, we often use it about texts and statements where the meaning isn't clear. Like, the wording of the tax code is ambiguous here. Ah, I have to ask my accountant what to do. Or, the movie's ending is ambiguous. Ah, we don't know whether the hero lives or dies.

 

Across the nation:

 

Reach out to: Make a special effort to help someone or communicate with them. Like we're reaching out hour hand. That NPO is reaching out  to undocumented immigrants, for example, trying to help them stay in the country legally.

 

Be down on one's luck: Going through bad times, ah, experiencing a period of misfortune. You could say, "She's been down on her luck lately. Ah, she can't get much freelance work and her car got repossessed." Or, Company X has been down on its luck since the recall.

 

In my book: Collins says, "That’s a good move, in my book."

 

Outreach librarian: Many groups have outreach programs. Like, you could say, "The police have an outreach program to help kids get out of gangs."

 

See A as nothing more than B: Consider A to be only this, you know, to not have any greater importance or content. She sees her parents as nothing more than a source of money. But this construction, ah,  doesn't always have to be negative. Ah, you could say, "I see this sales drop as nothing more than a blip. I'm confident sales will go up next quarter."

 

Knowledgeable:

 

Navigator through the sea of information: Collins says, "I'm looking forward to helping them with their business plans and presentations by being their navigator through the sea of information," A navigator helps us through a difficult or unknown situation where you have to find the right way, you know, you have to manage to get through it.

Things like, Tom has been my navigator through the new software. I would have been lost without him. And when there's a sea of something, you know, there's a lot of it, or swamped by it. There was a sea of people at the department store sale.

 

So to speak: In a manner of speaking. Ah, one might say it this way. It's often used with puns and metaphors and such. Like, customers are all fired up, ah, so to speak over the new grill.

 

One-stop shop: A shop that carries many items so that shoppers only need to stop there, you know, make one stop to get what they need.

An ad might say, "We are your one-stop shop for home repairs."

You know, so they're saying "Everything you need for home repair, we've got."

 

Open up: McMillan says, "His school librarian opened up a whole world of learning." In this case "open up" means "expose someone to something new, ah, introduce them to it."

Open a door, so to speak for them to go through.

You might say, "Reading this book opened up the world of architecture to me."

 

 

That's all for today.

Thanks for tuning in. Bye.

2019年 第3回 令和2126() 2020/01/26 実施分

 

The coastal town was exposed to the full fury of the hurricanes. ハリケーンの猛威に曝された

Kalyee is so conceited. とてもうぬぼれが強い

The job candidate claimed she was proficient in Chinese. 中国語に堪能であると主張した

She accused him of braking it(her vase) deliberately. わざと壊した、と彼を責めた

An entire box of ballots had been lost, 投票用紙の入った箱全部がなくなっていた

..to find out if the contract was binding. 契約書は拘束力があるかどうかを見出す

The students were given ample time to complete their assignment, 宿題を完成させる十分な時間

Treating customers with courtesy is very important. お客さんに丁寧に対処することは非常に重要だ

It(The café) became much more hectic. カフェはよりてんてこまいになった

 

The scientist distinguished himself among peers. 同僚の中で、その科学者が頭角を現した

The rebels created anarchy. 反逆者たちは無政府状態をつくりだした

He would need a potent painkiller after his surgery. 手術後に効き目のある鎮痛剤が必要となるだろう

The police raided the warehouse. 警察は倉庫の手入れをした

Janelle was able to resume long-distance running. 長距離走を再開することができた

The conference hall buzzed with excitement. 会議場は興奮でざわついていた

The judge awarded custody of the children to the mother. 判事は子どもの親権を母親に与えた

Some people are very materialistic. 非常に物質主義者の者もいる

Some of the archaic English would not be understandable. 古い英語の中には理解不能なものもある

 

His eldest daughter was proclaimed queen. 長女が女王だと宣言された

He doesn’t seem very remorseful. そんなに後悔しているように見えなかった

The university has seen a large decrease in enrollment.

その大学は入学における大きな減少を目にしている その大学は入学者数が非常に減った

He could get down to preparing for the presentation he had to give that evening.

その日の晩に彼が発表しなくてはならなかったプレゼンテーションの準備に取りかかることができた

And that usually points to a worse economy in the future. 将来よりひどい経済になることを指している

They were very glad when it(the cultural event) came off perfectly.

イベントが完璧に執り行われたとき大いに喜んだ

Paulo used to spend a lot of time trying to live up to others’ expectations of him.

彼への他者からの期待に応えようと努力することに、以前は多くの時間を費やしたものだった

2019年 第2回 令和2126() 2020/01/26 実施分

 

[2] Tiger Shark Meals イタチザメの食事

 

In short, they seem to deserve their nickname, the “garbage cans of the sea.”

要するに、イタチザメは、そのニックネーム「海のゴミ箱」を受けるに足る

 

Ecologist Marcus Drymon of Mississippi State University recently discovered that the diet of tiger sharks contains an unexpected addition.

Mississippi州立大の生態学者、Marcus Drymonは最近発見した。イタチザメの食事には、意外な追加物を含むことを。→ 予想もしなかったようなものまで含まれること。

 

This explains how the sharks gained access to these animals.

このことが、イタチザメがどのようにしたこうした動物に近づいたかの説明をする

 

This = Unaccustomed to the water, they are usually unable to return to the air once their feathers become soaked. 水に不慣れなために、ひとたび羽毛が濡れたら、鳥たちは空中には戻れないのが常だ。

*these animals= backyard birds 裏庭で見かけるような鳥

 


[2] Home Advantage 本拠地チームの有利性

 

One proposed explanation for this is the stress of traveling.

本拠地のチームが有利になることの説明の1つは、移動のストレスである

(移動のストレスのために、awayではパフォーマンスが落ちる)

 

This is clearly demonstrated when a team moves to a new home field.

このことは、明確に立証される それはチームが新しい本拠地フィールドに移動する際に

This = being familiar with even minor aspects of one’s surroundings can “enhance confidence in the performance of repetitive physical tasks.”

たとえささいなことであれ、周りの環境に慣れていることが、繰り返しの多い身体的な課題のパフォーマンスにおける自信を高めてくれる

→決まった身体の動きを伴うスポーツにおける自信

 

Because of this, teams whose home stadiums are domed performed especially well at home.

このため、本拠地がドーム球場のチームは、本拠地でのプレーが特に優れているのである

 

*this= domed stadiums trap noise within the stadium and that the enthusiasm from fans in the crowd helps teams play better and win more games

ドーム球場は、音を球場内にとどめておいてくれること そしてファンからの熱狂的応援がチームがよりよいプレーをすることや、より多くの試合に勝つことを手助けしてくれる


[3] Cassina カッシーナ

 

(32) According to the author of the passage, the drinking of cassina was

 

3 – 5  Cassina, however, does not come from China, where tea originated, but from the southern coastal areas of North America. Native Americans began dying and roasting cassina leaves over a thousand years ago.

カッシーナは茶の原産地の中国でなく、北アメリカの南海岸の地域に由来する。1000年以上前にNative Americanたちがカッシーナの葉の乾燥・焙煎を始めた

 

1  begun by native populations who lived along the coasts of the southern part of North America.

 

(33) What do we learn about the Latin name for cassina?

 

15 – 17  Some historians suspect tea companies encouraged scientists – perhaps by means of a bribe – to make the beverage sound particularly unappealing.

歴史家の中には次のように思う者もいる。茶の会社が科学者たちに、恐らくは賄賂という手段で、その飲み物を特に魅力的でないものにするよう奨励した、と。

 

1  The people responsible for classifying cassina may have benefited from making it sound unpleasant to drink.

 

(34) According to the author of the passage, what is one reason that modern-day consumers have a new interest in cassina?

 

21 – 23 In recent years, however, chefs and consumers in the southern United States have rediscovered it as part of the growing movement to consume sustainable items obtained from local sources. しかしながら、近年、合衆国南部のシェフや消費者は、地元でとれる維持可能な品目を消費するという高まりつつある運動の一部として、カッシーナを再発見している

 

3  Increasing numbers of people want to consume products that are grown in their local area.


[3] The Hebridean Ark Tree Project

 

(35) What is true of environmental conditions on the Outer Hebrides?

 

6 – 8 In addition, much of the ground consists of peat, a nutrient-poor mixture of organic materials.

加えて土地の大部分は泥炭でできている。これは有機物の栄養分の貧弱な混合物だ

Peat forms when low temperatures, water, and a lack of oxygen result in organic matter, such as dead plants, failing to decay completely. 泥炭はできる。低温、水、そして酸素の欠乏のために、枯れた植物のような有機物ができて、そして完全に腐らない場合に。

 

3  The failure of organic matter to decay fully has resulted in the ground lacking nutrients.

 

(36) One of the man causes of tree loss on the Outer Hebrides in the past was that

 

18 – 19 After settling on the islands, the invaders cleared even more trees for raising animals and growing crops. 諸島(Outer Hebrides)に定住した後、侵略者たちはさらに多くの木を伐採して、家畜を育てることや作物を育てることをした。

 

2  the Vikings destroyed forested areas because they wanted to utilize the land for agricultural purposes.

 

(37) According to David Mackay, what should the Hebridean Ark Tree Project learn from previous efforts?

 

27 – 31 Mackay notes that the genetic makeup of trees from the mainland does not enable them to deal with harsh island conditions.

Mackayは述べている。本島の木の遺伝子構造では、厳しい島の条件に対処させられない

For the Hebridean Ark Tree Project, seeds are being taken from trees that currently remain on the Outer Hebrides 種子は、現在Outer Hebridesに依然として残っている木から採取される

 

4  The seeds of trees taken from the Outer Hebrides or from similarly harsh environments are the most likely to grow successfully.



[3] A Closer Look at Vitamin Supplements ビタミンサプリメントを精査する

 

(38) What do we learn about Linus Pauling in the first paragraph?

 

4 – 5 Though scientific evidence to support his claim was entirely lacking, people believed it owing to the fact that he was widely respected as a scientist. Paulingの主張を裏付ける科学的証拠は全くなかったのだが、人は彼の主張を信じた。というのも、彼が科学者として広く敬われていたからだ。

 

4 The fame he had achieved as a scientist led people to accept his idea in spite of a lack of evidence to support it.

 

(39) What did Pauling believe about antioxidants?

 

19 – 21 Pauling had the idea that, since antioxidants can lessen the damage caused by free radicals, increasing antioxidant levels with supplements could prevent illness.

Paulingは、考えていた。抗酸化剤がfree radicals(遊離活性基)によって引き起こされる損傷を減らせるので、サプリで抗酸化剤のレベルを上げることが病気の予防になる、と。

 

3 Large amounts of them were needed to avoid the cell damage and disease that result from the presence of too many free radicals in the body.

 

(40) Research into antioxidants that has been done since Pauling’s time has shown that

 

27 – 28 Vitamin E was found to increase the risk of heart failure, and men who took multivitamins were more likely to develop prostate cancer.

Vitamin Eは心不全のリスクを増やすことが発見された。複数のvitaminを取っていた男性たちは、前立腺癌になりやすかった

 

1 consuming them as supplements does not offer the illness-fighting benefits claimed by Pauling, and can even be harmful to one’s health.

 

 

(41) According to the author of the passage, how do free radicals function within the body?

 

31 – 34 it must also be remembered that a low or moderate level of free radicals serves a beneficial purpose in defending the body from illness.

低水準もしくは適度なfree radicalsは病気から身体を守ることにおいて有益な目的に供することは記憶されなくてはならない

When the body releases free radicals as part of its immune response, they target and destroy bacteria, viruses, and damaged cells – including cancerous and precancerous ones. 身体が、免疫反応の一部としてfree radicalsを放つと、free radicalsは、バクテリア・ウイルス・そして癌化した細胞、癌になりかけの細胞を含む損傷した細胞 を標的にして破壊するのだ。

 

3 They play an important role in the immune system because they seek out and eliminate threats to healthy cells.





https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/article?a=20200127-00000003-courrier-int&p=2



発生以前の初期兆候は確認できます。過去の事例を見れば、集団的な暴力が起きるまでの長い間に、政府が差別を合法化したり、対立を助長したりしています。国家によるメディア操作もあります。 

ホロコースト博物館館長が“ファシズムの前兆”に警鐘を鳴らす「ナチスは突然、空から降ってきたわけではない」

1/27() 11:30配信

ワシントンにあるホロコースト記念博物館館長サラ・ブルームフィールド69)は、「ナチスは降ってわいたのではない。大量虐殺には前兆があるし、ごく普通の人が残虐行為に手を染める可能性がある」と警鐘を鳴らす。

 

弁護士や裁判官も、ナチス主義とホロコーストにおいて重要な役目を担いました。そのため現在、同様のプログラムを裁判官にも実施しています。また、米軍にも専用プログラムを提供しています。

 

ナチスは19331月に突然、空から降ってきたのではありません。その根源はドイツの歴史をさかのぼれば見えてきます。19世紀にはすでに後のナチスにつながる多くの要因が存在しました。

同様のことが、私たちが生きているこの瞬間にも当てはまります。今日の社会が抱える問題は、昨日あるいは昨年に端を発しているわけではありません。

人間は弱い生き物であることを、私たちは忘れてはいけません。

最初に組織的に殺害されたのはユダヤ人ではなく、精神的、身体的な障がいのあるドイツ人でした。誰がこれに加担したと思いますか? 

医師、看護師、ソーシャルワーカー、弁護士、裁判官です。高学歴で社会経験もあり、道徳的観念を持っていると思われる人々です。彼らにとっては、公益の手助けをしているという認識だったのでしょう。その行為は、科学的発展に寄与すると考えられていたのです。

──集団虐殺を阻止する方法はありますか?

発生以前の初期兆候は確認できます。過去の事例を見れば、集団的な暴力が起きるまでの長い間に、政府が差別を合法化したり、対立を助長したりしています。国家によるメディア操作もあります。

これらの条件がすべてそろったとき、集団虐殺に発展するのです。



安倍首相さまの所属する日本会議

「徴兵」というのは最大の教育改革なんです


http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Becoming a Cybrarian (3)

 

McMillan says his local library isnt using a traditional card catalog any more.

And Ueda mentions a type of modern technology being used by a number of U.S. libraries.

Collins says libraries are changing to meet the needs of todays users.

And McMillan describes how many different people gather at his neighborhood library.

 

 

Home-improvement project: This is pretty straightforward. Ah, a project to improve one's home in some way. Ah, things like, putting new tile on the kitchen floor or attaching a patio to one side of the house.

 

Home-improvement store / center  DIY

 

Be amazed: Ueda says, "I was amazed when I learned that more than 100 libraries in the U.S. are using 3D printers." He was astonished, shocked, surprised. And we can be amazed in a good way of course or a bad way. Ah, things like, I'm amazed that she finished on time. It was such a tight deadline. Well done! Or, I'm amazed that she would lie like that. What was she thinking?

 

Familiarize someone with: Make someone familiar with something, give them knowledge about it. You could say things like, I spent an hour familiarizing myself with my new smartphone. Or, we should familiarize ourselves with a company before going to a job interview.

 

Cutting-edge technology: The very latest technology, the forefront of technology. Think of being on the sharp side of a blade, you know, the side that cuts through things that moves ahead. We also say something is on the cutting edge. Ah, in that case, there's no hyphen between "cutting" and "edge." You could say, Company X is on the cutting edge of self-driving technology. Or, that scientist is on the cutting edge of Alzheimer's research.

 

Leading-edge technology  高度技術 最先端技術

 

Redefine: Change the meaning, change the nature of something. Self-driving cars may redefine the concept of automobiles someday. Or, I remember when overnight delivery services redefine the shipping industry.

 

Keep up with the times: Stay up to date in terms of current behavior and attitudes, not fall behind. We also say, "get with the times." And this has an even stronger sense of don't be old-fashioned. You know, adjust to modern mores. Things like, he doesn't like women wearing pants in the office. Oh, come on! Get with the times!

 

Job search:

 

Genealogical research: McMillan says, "The librarian in my neighborhood will even help you conduct genealogical research." Research into family connections: who's related to who in family lines. On a previous show, we talked about companies that do genealogical research for you and even prepare genealogy tours for the customers.

 

Genealogy tourism 自分のroots 家系を辿る旅

 

Provide a haven for:

 

Stay away from the classroom: We also say, "stay away from certain people." Like, I might say, "Oh, hey, hey, please. Vivian is in a really bad mood today. Better stay away from her."

 

Be bullied:

 

Have no place to go:

 

Sympathetic ear: We often say, "lend a sympathetic ear." Listen to someone sympathetically. Let them talk about something. He always lends a sympathetic ear to my career concerns, for example. Or, thanks so much for being a sympathetic ear when I talked about my job hunting problems.

 

Embark on 何かを始める 困難な仕事を始める embark upon 危険な事業に乗り出す

船や飛行機に乗船する、搭乗する embarkation noun

McMillan says, "I went to my local library to do some research before embarking on a home-improvement project." When we embark on something, we start it. You know, we begin a project. Like, I've embarked on a new exercise program. Or, she's embarked on a study of French. The image is of starting off on some journey. And "embark" can also mean to board a plane, a ship, some vessel. And "disembark" means getting off that vessel. Travel documents sometimes ask for a point of embarkation and point of disembarkation to use the nouns.

 

 

That's all for today.

See you next time. Bye.

20200124ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 嚔や咳などの生理現象

Bless you. Thank you.

Sneeze verb 嚔をする noun

Cover your mouth when you sneeze. 嚔をするときには口を覆いなさい

 

Yawn noun 欠伸 verb 欠伸をする

When someone yawns, it always makes me yearn.

誰かが欠伸すると、それはいつも私に欠伸させる

 

Hiccup シャックリ シャックリが出る

I can’t stop hiccupping. Do you know a good cure?

シャックリが止まらない。直すいい方法を知ってる?

 

I can’t stop hiccupping. Do you know a good cure?

Okay. I will surprise you.

No. It didn’t work.

Okay. I will hit you on the back.

It didn’t work. So, okay. I will kick you.

Minami, it’s okay.

 

Cough 咳 咳をする

風邪の時の咳だけでなく、咳払いという意味でも使われます

He coughed loudly and started to speak. 彼は大きく咳払いすると話し始めた



20200123
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 最後のyの付くadjective

 

Dirty 汚い 汚れた dirt noun 汚れ 泥に yを付けると dirty adjective 汚れた

Don’t leave your dirty laundry everywhere.

そこら中に汚い洗濯物を放っておかないで

 

Sandy 砂の 砂だらけの sand noun

My sneakers got sandy after a walk on the beach.

浜辺を散歩したら私のスニーカーは砂だらけになった

 

Salty しょっぱい 塩辛い salt nounSalty humor 辛辣なユーモア

I could not finish the soup. It was too salty for me.

スープを飲みきれなかった。私には塩辛すぎました

 

Sweaty  汗びっしょりの 汗まみれの sweat noun (^^

Sweaty T shirt 汗まみれのTシャツ

My face was sweaty when I arrived. 到着したとき、私の顔は汗まみれでした



20200122
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers

工事で使うような火や爆発に関する単語 Okay!  What? What is 火花 ?

Spark 火花 パチッと弾けるのが1つだけだったら spark 

いくつも火花が弾けていたら sparks

A single spark can lead to disaster. *disaster 大惨事

たった1つの火花が大惨事に繋がるかもしれない

 

Explode 爆発する 爆発させる

They exploded dynamite to break up the big rocks.

彼らは大きな岩を砕くためにダイナマイトを爆発させた

覚えることが沢山ある時に→ My head is going to explode. 頭がパンクしちゃう

 

Boom ドーンという音 ドーンと音を立てる 爆発などでドカーンと音がするimage

Did you hear the boom from the construction site?

工事現場からのドーンという音を聞いた?

 

Ash 燃えカス 灰

The whole construction site was covered in ashes after the explosion.

爆破の後、工事現場全体が灰まみれになった



20200121
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 料理に関する単語4つ

 

Shape  noun 形 形状 verb 形作る

These mint-flavored chocolates are shaped into hearts.

このミント味のチョコレートはハートの形になっています

 

Stuff 詰め込む staff スタッフ

I stuffed the rice in my mouth. 口に米を詰め込んだ

I stuffed garlic in the chicken. 私は鶏肉に大蒜を詰め込みました

 

Sandwich noun サンドイッチ verb 挟む

Whipped cream is sandwiched between two layers of sponge cake.

ホイップクリームが2層のスポンジケーキに挟まれています

 

Coat  nounコート verb 表面を覆う 塗る

Her cookies are coated with shredded coconut.

彼女のクッキーは刻んだココナツで覆われている



20200120
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers officeで使える単語

 

Extension 内線 verb  extend 延長する noun form

延長・拡張・電話の線が延びるimage→内線

My extension number is… 私の内線番号は

You can reach her at extension 135. 内線135で彼女に繋がりますよ

 

Drawer 引き出し

You can find the documents in the top drawer.

一番上の引き出しに書類が入っています

Top drawer     一番上の引き出し Bottom drawer 一番下の引き出し

 

Max, can I borrow your pen? I think I lost mine.

Sure. You can find pens in the top drawer.

Thanks. Hmm.

Eh?

 

Rubber band 輪ゴム rubber ゴム ゴムのバンド

I use rubber bands to keep pens together.

私はペンを束ねるのに輪ゴムを使っています

 

Thumbtack 画鋲

Is it okay if I use thumbtacks to hang the schedule?

スケジュール表を吊すのに画鋲を使って大丈夫ですか?

2020124Friday

Hey, everyone. Welcome back for the review. This is Rosa Akino.

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Yes. It’s review, review, review time. Let’s get started.

Lesson 195  Review

Listening challenge

Okay, everyone. Here’s the question.

Question: Where will the man eat his lunch?

A Inside the library

B In the library staff room

C On a bench outside

Listen carefully.

Question: Okay. Which gate do they need to go to?

A To gate 8

B To gate 18

C To gate 80

Listen up.

Question: Which of the following is true?

A The man was extremely busy all day.

B The man understood why Emily was upset.

C The man sent Emily 10 text messaged.

Here we go.

Question: What will Fiona do?

A She will be more careful in the future.

B She will panic.

C She will offer the customer a free drink.

Here we go.

 

Practical challenge

Remember everyone. Don’t be nervous about your answer. This is a learning experience.

おぼえておいてください。答えに関してナーバスにならないでください。これは学びの体験なのです

So, be sure to learn from your mistakes if you make any.

だから、もし間違っても、その間違いから学んでください

You know, we’ve mentioned before that you should practice out loud.

以前に言いました。声に出して練習してください

Now that might sound a bit strange to some of you. But actually it’s extremely effective.

少し変に思うかもしれませんが、実のところ、とても効果的なのです

So, please practice out loud.

ですから、どうぞ声に出して練習しましょう

 

What can I do?

 

It’s only natural that you should upset.

But you need to understand girl will behave like that.

*girls に限定詞が使われていない 具体的な少女が想定されていない 総称的な 女の子というものは

You don’t have to worry so much. Everything will be all right soon.

*not so muchが否定され それほど~ではない

*will すべてはうまくいきますよ と話し手は自信を持って伝えている

 

Well, it’s normal that you should feel hurt. But you know boys can be a bit insensitive.

*should プロセスを表し そうしたことになるのも普通・当然だ

*boys 総称表現 少年というものは

*can ~することもある 潜在的な性質

And his friend may have needed his help. Who knows? 疑問の意図を持たない疑問文

I don’t think you have to worry. He will call you every soon and explain the situation. You’ll see.

*He will call you… 予測の will すぐに電話をかけて~してくれるよ と確信を抱いた表現

 

So, Rosa. Tell me. Do you think it’s true that boys can be a bit insensitive and that girls will behave in such a way?

Well, personally, I’d disagree with the advice here because I don’t think you should give excuses for girls or boys of being this way or that way. That’s like a stereotype, isn’t it? Chris.
Yeah, I agree. You know, I think we should avoid stereotypes.

That’s right. And take responsibility regardless if you’re a boy or a girl.

Well said! うまいこと言いますね。

 

Bye.



2020
123Thursday

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. You know, even if you can’t understand everything, don’t panic. We’ll always review everything, right?

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Let’s get started.

Lesson 194 Accidents will happen.


Don’t worry if you drop your textbook. It won’t take another 30 minutes to bake.

 

Check your grammar

What are we going to do? どうすればいいんだろう?

今失敗をしてしまった状況があり、それがどういった対処の必要につながるのかを考えている だから どうすればいいんだろう というnuanceとなる

*be going to image 流れの中

*go to の進行形 ~に向かっていくところ

出来事はすでにto以下の状況に向かって進行中であるということです

It’s going to rain soon. もうすぐ雨になるよ

現在に原因があり、to以下の状況に向かって事態は進んでいるんです

I’ll make another one right away. すぐにもうひとつ作るわ

*another one = another pizza oneは可算名詞の繰り返しを避けるための代用表現

*right awayは今すぐ 単に 今 だけはでなく、すぐに行動を始める感触を伴う

*away 離れて は動きを感じさせる

 

Build up your vocabulary

Accidents will happen. 不測の事態は起こるものです

このwill ~するものだ 法則を表している

*willimage は見通す まだ見ぬこれからの出来事を見通す意識で使われます

不足の事態を考えたとき、それが起こることを明確に見通すことができる

I’ll make another one right away. すぐにもうひとつ作りますね

*will 意思

You’d better take an umbrella because it will rain later.

このあと雨が降るだろうから、傘を持っていったほうがいいよ

*will 予測 「雨が降るよ」と自信を持って明確に見通している

My grandmother will tell the same stories a hundred times.

私のおばあちゃんは同じ話を100回もするんだよ

*will tell the same stories  現在の習慣

My elementary school teachers would often tell me to keep quiet.

僕の小学校の先生方は僕が静かにするようによく言っていたよ

*would often tell me  過去の習慣

 

Express yourself in English

My brother will open his mouth when he should keep it shut.

僕の弟は口を閉じていなくちゃいけないときに口を開くんだよなぁ

I’m sure your workshop will be a great success.

君のworkshopは大きな成功を収めると確信しています

So, could you explain this word “workshop” ?

Sure. The basic thing to say about workshop is that its focus is on activity. All the people are active.

And participating.

I’ll buy it whatever the price. 値段がどうあれ、私はそれを買うよ

I’ll buy it however much it costs.

*whatever 何であろうとも *wherever どこでも whenever いつでも

 

Hmm. I’ll buy it whatever the price.

You’ll buy what?

A mechanical pencil.

A mechanical pencil?

Oh, yeah!

Ah, how much you’ll prepare to spend?

Up to 2,000 yen or something.

2,000 yen? That’s not whatever the price.

That’s very any price.

That’s my monthly allowance.

Oh, my goodness!

Ah!

Bye.



2020
122Wednesday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Chris, I can’t believe you ate all of my candy!

Rosa, I’m so surprised that you should feel so upset. I only had a few. Look. There’s one left.

I was saving them for later.

This is Chris McVay. Let’s get started.

Lesson 193 I’m surprised that you should feel so good.


Why didn’t you today? Why didn’t you check your messages today?


Well, we’re certainly not surprised that listeners should feel so happy with our textbook.

 

Check your grammar

You didn’t reply to any of them. あなたは、そのどれにも返信しませんでした

*any 選択の自由 何でも・どれでも

*not … any どれも~ない つまりは返信されたmessageはなかった→全滅

You said I was the only girl you’ve ever loved.

あなたは、私が今まで愛したただひとりの女性だと言いました

I can explain everything. 僕はすべて説明できます

explain everything  他動型

explainimage 複雑でわかりづらいものを平ら(plain)にする

目的語を直接バシャッと平らにする感触が、他動型とピッタリ

× explain about everything

 

Build up your vocabulary

I’m surprised that you should feel so upset 君がそんなに腹を立てるなんて驚きです。

表現を学習する最善の方法は日本語訳ではなくそのimage

日本語訳は状況によって変わります。その移ろいやすいものの上に私たちの求める英語力は成り立ちません

*should imageは「進むべき道」そこから進んでいくというプロセスの感触が生まれます

微妙で繊細

I’m surprised that you feel so upset. 君がそんなに腹を立てているのは驚きです。

*should を使わず単に現在形を用いた場合、今腹を立てている状況に驚いているだけ

It’s only natural that she should keep her position in the company.

彼女が会社でその地位を保つのも当然だ

*only natural ~は極めて当然だ

*should のプロセスに焦点が当たっている

If it should rain, we’ll hold the event indoors.

もし雨が降るようなことがあれば、eventは屋内で行います

*雨が降ったら より幾分確率が下がる

If you should change your mind, do let me know.

もし気が変わるようなことがあれば、ぜひお知らせください

相手のこれからの成り行きに思いを馳せている感じ → 丁寧

 

Express yourself in English

I’m honored that you should choose me as the next captain.

あなたが私を次のcaptainに選んでくださるなんて光栄です

*should そうしたことになるなんて とプロセスが意識されたshouldの使い方

If you should have any problems, please call me.

もし何か問題があれば、私に電話してくださいね

*should が相手のこれからの成り行きに寄り添う感触を添えている 丁寧な感触

 

Oh! It’s only natural that I should be hungry after working all day.

You’re still hungry after eating all those snack?

You’re still hungry after eating all my carrot cake?

 

Bye.



2020
121Tuesday

Hello, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. You know, Chris, I’ve been debating… should I stay or should I go? What do you think?

You should go.

Hey!

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Rosa, that is a crazy question if you don’t me saying so.

Of course, you should g…, I mean “stay.”

You too.

Lesson 192  We should be at Gate 18 by 10:25.


I’m looking forward to experiencing Vietnam again.  *look forward to ()名詞


I’m sure you’re looking forward to experiencing our textbook.

I certainly hope so.

 

Check your grammar

The flight starts boarding at 10:45. この便は1045分に搭乗を開始します

現在形の表す未来は確定した、揺るがぬ未来

揺るがぬtimetable上で確定した未来

We have to convince our Vietnamese clients to buy our new espresso machine.

Vietnamの顧客にわが社の新しいespresso machineを購入することを納得させる必要があります

*to infinitiveを使った目的語説明型の文

*to infinitiveimageは→ 目的語をto以下の方向に押していくという意識の文

I’m confident we’ll be successful. 私たちはきっとうまくやれますよ

 

Build up your vocabulary

We should be at Gate 18 by 10:25. 私たちは1025分までに18gateに行っていなければなりません

*should 基本的な意味は 義務・アドバイス(~すべき)・確信(~のはず)

*must(~しなければならない)より義務をやわらかに表しています

We must be at Gate by 10:25. 私たちは1025分までに18gateに行っていなければならない グッと緊迫感が増す

 

So, “should” is a mild version of “must”, isn’t it? *shouldmustmild versionですよね

That’s right. その通り

Yeah. Absolutely. I mean sometimes “must” can sound quite harsh, you know. So, in that kind of situation, just replace “must” with “should.” And everything softens.

はい。確かに。つまりmustだとかなりきつく響くことがあります。だから、そういった状況においては、mustをただshouldに置き換えるといいのですよ。そうすると万事やわらかくなりますから

 

There should be a way to get out of this mess.

このひどい状態から抜け出す方法があるはずだ

*should 進むべき道

こう進むべき→義務・アドバイス

自体はこの道に沿って進む→確信

Where is the TV remote? – How should I know?

テレビのリモコンどこ? - どうして僕がそんなことを知っていなくてはならないの?

Why should I apologize to him? なぜ私が彼に謝らなければならない?

 

Express yourself in English

You should respect your elders. (人は)年長者を尊重すべきだ

Why should I believe you? どうしてあなたの言うことを信じなくちゃならないの?

 

Hey, Hiroto.

What?

Can you give me a ride to the station?

Why should I?

Huh?

Oh, sensei, ah, we have to prepare the scenario for our next video? Could you do that?

Read my lips. Why should I?

He’s been stubborn today.

Yeah.

Well, how about this? You should have a piece of this pie.

Oh, that’s exactly what I should do.

I knew it.

 

Why should they?

 

Bye.



2020
120Monday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Are you ready for today’s lesson?

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. By the way, Rosa, would you mind if I joined you for lunch?

Yes, I would mind. You must not sit next to me.

Okay.

Just kidding.

Lesson 191  You may not bring food or drink into the library.

 

Well, for all of you out there who are thinking of checking out our textbook, be my guest.

 

Check your grammar

Is there a place where I can eat my lunch? 昼食を食べてもいい場所はありますか?

I know a place where we can talk in private.

二人っきりで話すことができる場所をしっているよ

Would you mind if I joined you? 私がご一緒してもいいですか?

*joinedは仮定法 過去形を使って可能性の低さを表すことによって丁寧度が増しています

 

Build up your vocabulary

You may not bring food or drink into the library. 飲食物は図書館に持ち込んではなりません

*may not は 権威による禁止 公的機関など権威あるものによる禁止

図書館のruleであるため許可できません

*mayimage開かれたドア

目上の者が目下の者にドアを開いて許可をする

そこからmayの許可には権威が感じられている

So, because of this nuance of “may”, here “may not” suits this situation, right?

このmaynuanceのために、ここでのmay not はこの状況に合うのですよね

Yes. Because obviously, the librarian is in a position of authority, you know, so, yeah, “may not” is a perfect fit. そうですね。明らかに図書館員は権威のある地位にありますからね、may notが完璧に合うのです

Hey, you mustn’t bring food or drink into the library.

ちょっと、飲食物は図書館に持ち込んじゃだめだよ

*mustn’t 個人的で高圧的な禁止

*must 主観的な ~しなければならない

You have to have your hair cut. (理髪店に行って)髪を切らなければなりませんよ

*have to 客観的な必要性が感じられる

You must have your hair cut. (理髪店に行って)髪を切らなければなりませんよ

*must 主観的

*must nuanceは単に そうしなければならないよ と話し手が考えているに過ぎない

So, could you give me one situation respectively?

それぞれ、1つの状況をあげていただけますか?

Sure. Well, for example, for “have to”, it could be a situation where you’re going for a job interview and for the job interview, you have to have your hair cut. There’s a certain length of hair that’s required for that job.

わかりました。そうですね。たとえば、have to だと考えられる状況としては、就職面接に行くところで、その面接にために、髪を切ってもらわなくてはならない。その仕事に求められる髪の長さがある、という

Whereas, with “must” I would imagine a situation, like a mother talking to her adolescent son and she hates the way his hair looks. And she says to him, “Hey, come on. You must have your hair cut.”

それに対して、mustだと、次の状況が思い浮かびます。例えば、母親が青年期の息子に話しているのです。そして息子の髪型が気に入らなくて、息子に言うのです。「ちょっと、髪を切ってもらわないといけないよ」

*not have to 必要性の否定 ~する必要はありません

 

Express yourself in English

You may not use your phone at the dinner table.

夕食時にsmartphoneを使ってはなりません

So, “at the dinner table” means when you’re having dinner, right?

That’s right. You’re not just sitting at the table. You’re having dinner at the table.

And it’s interesting “at” almost always implies action. For example, he’s at the office. That means he’s working. All right? Whereas, “he is in the office” just describes places where he happens to be.

At + 場所 そこでの活動を頭に思い浮かべることが多い

 

You don’t have to come with me if you don’t want to.

もしそうしたくなったら、あなたは私と一緒に来る必要はありません

 

Hey, guys. How about we go out for dinner together this evening after the recording?

Sure.

You know, I’m a very important person. And I have tons of things to do.

You know, you’re right. You don’t have to come with us if you don’t want to.

In fact, it’s probably better that way. … Yeah!

Yeah.

 

Bye.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Becoming a Cybrarian (2)

 

Collins says that Ueda inspired her career change and recalls how he went to a dinner party some time ago with a group of strangers and was particularly interested in a certain person.

She also describes the volunteer work shes been doing at a public library, which led to her decision to become a cybrarian, a curator of digital information.

 

 

Inspire:

 

Librarian: Collins reminds Ueda of a dinner party he went to and how the most interesting person there was a librarian.

 

Go the way of the dodo: The dodo was a flightless bird on the island of Mauritius. It's extinct now. And it's often used to mean something has become obsolete or extinct. Hand-written letters have essentially gone the way of the dodo. And you can also put other words at the end of this expression. Like, you could say, something has gone the way of the gramophone. Or, gone the way of the rotary phone.

 

Entrepreneurship: The act of being an entrepreneur or the activities and skills needed to be one to start one's own business. We also say things like, she has an entrepreneurial nature. You know, she always wants to create her own job instead of working at a company.

 

Am I correct in assuming that… ? Is this assumption of mine correct?  And we use "am I correct in" with a number of verbs. Ah, such as, ah, am I correct in guessing that Mary is being transferred? Or, am I correct in thinking that Sam isn't happy with his current job?

 

Kind of. Salmans says, "Am I correct in assuming that you've decided to become a librarian?"

And Collins replies, "Kind of." She could also say, "Sort of." They both mean, ah, not exactly but yes in some way or yes to some degree. Imagine, someone asks me, "Are you taking a year-end vacation?" I say, "Kind of. It's a working vacation."

 

Kinda: I kinda feel like getting drunk tonight. 今日はちょっと酔っ払いたいな

 

KOF  kind of friends 友だちのような人

 

If Collins wanted to be more formal in her answer, she could have said, "in a way."

In a way I guess.

 

Description: An explanation of what something is or what it looks like. According to the description in the brochure, the hotel has an Olympic-size pool. Or, to use the verb, John described the new office is very open with lots of communal spaces.

 

Job description 職務内容説明書

 

Curator: Ready Player One :  Simon Pegg as Curator

Someone who's responsible for acquiring and caring for the items in a collection. It's most commonly used about people who do that at museums, ah, libraries, galleries. That sort of thing. You could say, "Ah, he's the museum's curator for Egyptian antiques." Or, the curator said the exhibition will run through next week.

 

Curate verb 元々は博物館の展示などを企画するという意味だった

現在 Web上の情報・コンテンツを収集整理する そして付加価値を付ける という意味で使われます

 

Big move: Collins says, "I want to thank Shota for inspiring me to make this big move."

Take the significant action, you know, one that involves significant change. Let's say, a friend announces that he's going to start his own company. You might say, "Wow! That's a big move. Ah, when are you planning to do it?" Or, Company X made the big move this year of buying Company Y's semiconductor unit.

 

Big move 大きな動き 大きな決断 よく使われるのは 転職について

A turning point in life

 

Homework: Collins says, "She's been helping kids with their homework at a branch of the New York public library. Now this is actual homework assigned at school. But we also have the phrase "do one's homework" to mean be well-prepared, you know, I know what we need to know. Imagine someone applying for a passport. They go down to the government office but they don't have all the necessary documents. You might say, "Ah, well, they didn't do their homework. You know, they should have checked ahead of time online."

 

Homework uncountable noun

 

Coach: Collins also says that she's been coaching college students.

Here "coach" is a verb. And it's advising someone in sports or a number of other pursuits. Let's say, I'm getting ready for a job interview, I ask a friend to coach me. They ask me possible questions. They critique my answers. That sort of thing.

 

 

That's all for today.

Hope you had fun. Bye.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Becoming a Cybrarian (1)

 

Collins announces that shell be leaving A & A, which the other staff react to with great surprise and sadness.

She says she has given the company two months notice, which should be ample time to find her replacement.

Ueda asks what her future plans are.

And Collins says that her next job will let her follow her passion in a less high-pressure environment.

 

 

Letter of resignation:

 

You've got to be kidding. "You can't be serious." would also work here. We use these to express feelings of shock, ah, dismay, amazement. Things like, that lazy jerk got promoted? You've got to be kidding. Or, the deadline is now two weeks earlier? Oh, you can't be serious!

 

I'm not kidding.

 

Not the same without: We say this when someone or something will be missed when their absence will be felt. And we can adjust this to the appropriate time. Such as, the office hasn't been the same since Cameron left. We all miss him. Or, you could call someone and say, "Hey, you know I wish you were here with us in Hawaii. It isn't the same without you."

 

Fixture: McMillan says, "you're like part of the fixtures here." He could also say, "You are a fixture here." He's using the image of furniture that's fixed in place and considered part of the building. You know, it always stays there. For example, Julie has been a fixture at this company for 30 years now. I can't imagine the office without her.

 

That didn't come out right. We use this when we misspeak when our words contain a meaning or implication that we didn't intend. Imagine a very loyal employee. I say, "He's so dedicated to the company.  He's like the company dog." That didn't come out right.

 

At a loss for words:

 

Burn bridges: Collins says, "I don't want to burn any bridges, and I want to keep in touch with all of you." If we burn bridges, we make it impossible to return, impossible to go back when we need to. This usually refers to ruining a relationship, you know, so that people won't help us in the future. Let's say a translation job involves lots of last-minute changes and unreasonable requests from the client. But I don't complain because I don't wanna burn bridges, you know, I don't wanna cut off a possible source of income in the future.

 

Keep in touch with:

 

Successor:

 

Given: ~を考え合わせると ~を考慮すると

 

Weed one's garden:

 

FIRE (financial independence, retire early) movement:

 

Tiny house: 簡素でも心豊かな暮らしをするための小さめの家

 

Find one's passion: Discover what we really want to do. What inspires us and excites us. I found my passion at 14, studying the Japanese language. Or, you could say, "He found his passion in college, medieval architecture."

 

Find your passion and follow it. ↔ Lose one's passion

 

Harried: When we're harried, we have a lot to deal with and we're feeling the stress and the strain of it. It's like a, ahhhh feeling. Things like, the ad department is really harried right now getting the new campaign ready. Or, she's so harried getting ready for her trip to Europe. She's got a million things to do.

 

Give two months' notice: Collins says, "I'm giving A & A two months' notice." I'm informing them that in 2 months, I will quit, I will leave the company. Two weeks' is also common. I gave John my two weeks' notice today. And we also say just "give notice." Like, Louise gave notice last week. So we need to find a replacement for her. Or, Louise gave her notice last week.

 

More than enough time: Collins thinks two months is more than enough time to find her successor. We use "more than enough" with a number of words and just on its own. Ah, you could say, "This will be more than enough to pay for the plane ticket." Or, we have more than enough food and drink for the party.

 

 

That's all for today.

Thanks for tuning in. Bye.


https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200121/ddm/005/070/066000c


毎日新聞社は、安倍首相様との会食をやめたらしいですね。
他のマスコミの人たちはほんとうに根性なしだと思います。

社説

首相の施政方針演説 五輪頼みでごまかすのか

毎日新聞

EOTW1QbUUAAcnh4

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

 

Overprotective Parents (6)

 

 

 

Sugita: Our current vignette begins with Lidia Grace telling her colleagues that a father came to his sons job interview at A & A. It s hard to believe that kind of thing happens, isnt it?

 

Heather: But apparently it does. You know, I cant imagine a situation where that would benefit a job applicant. Is there an interviewer, anywhere in the world, who would say, Oh great, the candidate brought his daddy. Thats just the kind of self-confidence and maturity Im looking for! Though, I had to chuckle at Steve Lyon's comment that some parents go to their kids' places to clean up and do their laundry. It reminded me of my first winter vacation from college. I started putting my clothes in the washing machine one night and found my mother staring at me in shock. She said, "You're doing your own laundry without being told to a half dozen times?" I replied very blasé, "Mom. It's Sunday night. I always do my laundry on Sunday nights." She couldn't believe it. Later, she said, "Yep. There's a reason why the mummy bird eventually boots the baby birds out of the nest. That's how they learn to function on their own."

 

S: In my childhood days in postwar Japan, there were few overprotective parents. People were mostly free-range parents, so to speak, not by choice but by necessity. Families were fairly large in those days I had three brothers and three sisters and we had to be on our own with little parental meddling.

 

H: That must have encouraged children to mature faster than they usually do today. Especially when it came to the older children, who would help look after the younger ones.

 

S: And even today, Japanese children are taught to be independent early on. Foreign media have reported with amazement on Japanese schoolchildren riding the subway all alone. In the United States, parents can be charged with neglect and endangerment for allowing their young children to walk to school or play in the park without close adult supervision. The vignette also discusses the college bribery scandal in the United States. How did you react to that, Heather?

 

H: I fumed. I fumed and fumed and fumed. I mean, it just boils my blood to think of these wealthy parents trying to steal a place from, well, kids like me and my high school friends. We worked our butts off to get into college. It especially makes me mad when I think of all the help those parents can give their kids to get into college that is completely illegal. The best private schools, tutors, travel around the world. You know, my college roommate freshman year came from a pretty wealthy family. I think there were 4 siblings including her. And her father was going to send them all to medical school. So, this family had some money. And that girl studied like there was no tomorrow. I thought I was pretty dedicated. But she put me to shame. One time, she stayed at our room for two-day straight to prepare for a test. She cooked all her own food on a hot plate and only left to shower or use the restroom. Her parents did it right. Yes. She had many advantages in life but she didn't coast on them.

 

 

Okay. Here we go.

 

That's all for today

 

See you next time. Bye.

20200117 ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 試験

試験に関する表現を例文と一緒に覚えましょう

Answer sheet 解答用紙

Write your name at the top of your answer sheet.

解答用紙の上に自分の名前を書きなさい

 

Multiple choice question  多数の 選択 問題 

選択問題 マークシートなどの解答を選ぶタイプの問題

This Spanish test has 20 multiple choice questions.

このスペイン語のテストには選択問題が20あります

 

Open-book exam examination 辞書など持込okay 持込可能な試験

Our French class will have an open-book exam.

フランス語のクラスは持込可能な試験になります

 

Mark テストの採点をする

I have to mark my students’ essays today.

今日は生徒のレポートの採点をしなくちゃ

 

What was your mark on the test? テスト何点だった?



20200116
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers alで終わるadjective

*…al ~についての

Memorial 記念の 追悼の memory 記憶

亡くなった人の追悼というimageで使うことの多い単語

Memorial service 追悼式 memorial concert 追悼コンサート

There will be a memorial concert for our music teacher.

私たちの音楽の先生の追悼コンサートがあります

 

Logical 論理的な logic 論理

I tried to get a logical explanation from him.

私は彼から論理的な説明をしてもらおうとした

 

Influential 影響力のある

She is a very influential person in our industry.

私たちの業界では彼女はとても影響力のある人です influencer

 

Exceptional 例外的な 他には類を見ない 非常に優れた

except 除く 除外する exception 例外 異例

Their food and service are always exceptional.

彼らの料理とサービスはいつも優れています



20200115
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 乗り物酔い

 

Carsick 車酔い seasick 船酔い airsick 飛行機酔い

I got carsick while riding back to Tokyo. 東京に帰る車中で車に酔った

 

Bumpy 道などの表面が凸凹の bump こぶ

This road is so bumpy. この道すごく凸凹している

 

Up and down 上と下 上がったり下がったりするimageで 上下に

I screamed as our car went up and down on the mountain road.

山道で車が上下し私は叫びました

 

Throw up 吐く もどす

I’m going to throw up. 私、吐きそうです



20200114
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 好きにまつわる単語

 

Love 愛してる 大好き

I love chocolate. I can’t live without it.

チョコレートが大好きです チョコレートなしでは生きていけません

 

Adore 大好き 人に対して使うと敬愛するという意味 尊敬の気持ちをこめられる

I adore my grandmother, who was a great doctor.

素晴らしい医師だった祖母のことを敬愛しています

I adore French fries. フライドポテトが大好き

 

Partial 一部分の 部分的な 何かに偏って好き 特に~が好きなんです

I like all kinds of sweets but I’m partial to chocolate cake.

私はどんな種類の甘い物も好きだけど、特にチョコレートケーキが好きなんです

 

Particular 特に 好みがうるさい こだわりのある

particular reason 特別な理由

He is very particular about fashion.

彼はファッションについてとてもこだわりがあります

 

Oh! Thank you. I love 肉まん.

I adore hot, hot 肉まん.

Hmm. Ah! It’s good! I’m partial to あんまん.



20200113
ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers

Don’t wear anything white.  身だしなみについて語るときに便利な英単語

 

Occasion 場合

I wear a bow-tie to celebrate special occasions.

特別な時を祝うのに私は蝶ネクタイをつけます

Special occasion

成人式や結婚式などの冠婚葬祭や会社の創立記念partyなどの特別な行事のこと

 

Suitable 適切な ふさわしい

This dress is suitable for wedding ceremonies.

このドレスは結婚式にふさわしいです

 

Acceptable 受け入れられる まぁいいですよ 許容範囲

I don’t think it’s suitable but acceptable. ふさわしくはないけど、まぁ大丈夫かな

 

Option 選択肢

There are too many options to choose from. 選ぶのに選択肢が多すぎます

 

What’s the occasion?

My best friend’s wedding.

I don’t think that’s suitable for a wedding.

That’s acceptable, I guess.

Hmm. Too many options.

2020117日 Friday

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Friday’s review session. This is Rosa Akino here.

Chris McVay here. Yes. We all love the review, don’t we? Let’s go.

Lesson 190 Review

Listening challenge.

Okay, everyone. Here’s the first question.

Question: What is the most important rule that the shogi club have?

A  The members must not talk while playing shogi.

B  The members must not miss a meeting.

C  The members must follow the leader.

Listen carefully, everyone.

Question: What happened with Pierre’s party?

A  Nobody came.

B  People came at the last minute.

C  Everybody did something wrong.

Here we go.

Question: How many blouses will the woman buy at cost price?

A  Zero.

B  One.

C  Two.

Here we go.

Question: Which of the following is true?

A  Alana didn’t go to a New Year’s party.

B  Alana’s boss paid for the New Year’s party.

C  Alana’s boss kept singing.

Listen up!

 

Practical challenge

Hey, guys. We went over a lot this week. But remember just relax and let the English flow, right?

Yes, Rosa. I was gonna say something similar, the idea of, you know, having fun. So, spicy top of it, change your voice, change the speed, do things to create more fun.

 

What’s up?

 

Do you still have the photos we took in London? I checked all my photo albums, and I mean every album, but no luck. *no luck だめだった

I may have lost them. I want to show them at my wedding reception.

*may have 完了形 その時までに の形 過去に~したかもしれない

There’s no one else I can count on. Help!

 

I’m hoping you still have photos of our trip to London a few years ago.

I’ve searched through all my albums, and I mean every album. I plan to show them during my wedding reception. *through が、ある場所を隅々まで探している感覚を添えています

If neither you nor I can find them, I don’t know what to do.

*neither A nor B  ABどちらも~ない

 

So, do people still have photo album still sets?

Well, I tend to keep most of my favorite photos on my phone. What about you, Chris

Well, actually I still love, you know, the old-fashioned album. In fact, I still look at my wedding album with lots of romantic photos quite a lot. And you know, it brings back so many beautiful romantic memories of that wonderful day. Can you imagine?

Oh! I guess all your photos must be in Sepia, right?

Sepia?

‘Cause they’re, you know, from a long, long, long time ago? No?

 

Bye.



2020
116Thursday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Let’s have another great lesson.

Hi, everyone. I’m Chris McVay. You know I’ve been told that our programs are good to get rid of stress. I hope you guys think so. Let’s get started.

Lesson 189

Happy New Year, Hiroki. It’s good to see you again. まとめて覚えてくださいね

再び会えて嬉しい という 非常に好感度の高い表現


Lucky you! We also had a company party, and the boss wouldn’t stop singing. He can be wild at times.

Sounds like it. そのように聞こえる But it’s good to get rid of stress, right?

Right.

You know guys, our textbook can be wild at times.

Right!

 

Check your grammar

It has been a while. 久しぶりですね

現在完了形のimageは迫ってくる

前回会ったときから視線は今に向かっています その距離がwhileだということ

*How have you been?

The boss wouldn’t stop singing. 上司は歌うのをやめようとしませんでした

上司が周りの不評をものともせず、意固地に歌い続けたことが想像できる

 

Build up your vocabulary

He can be wild at times. 彼はときどき手に負えないときがあります

*can imageは潜在 ある人の中に潜在する力→できる

潜在的に持っている性質

*He(boss)が手に負えない性質を持っている

Tokyo can be hot in October. 東京は10月に暑くなることがある

*potential として潜在的な性質として

My little sister can be extremely annoying.

僕の妹には本当にイライラさせられることがあるよ

妹の奥底にそうした性質が隠れている

My new boss may be wild. 私の新しいボスは手に負えないかもしれない

*may imageは開かれたドア

権威あるものがドアを開いている→許可(~してよろしい)

So, could you explain the nuance of this “may” ?

このmaynuanceを説明していただけますか

So, one point is that you just don’t know yet. There’s a question mark hanging over this.

1点は、まだわからないということです。 ?マークがついています

Will he be wild? Won’t he be wild? 彼はwildになるのか、それともならないのか?

That’s right. Maybe you have a suspicion, but you are not sure.

その通りです。疑念はあるかもしれないものの、はっきりしないのです

 

Express yourself in English

The mosquitoes around here can be really problematic.

この辺りの蚊は本当に困ったことになることがある

*can 潜在 時としてそうなることがある

This test may be more difficult than we expected.

このテストは私たちが予想していたよりも難しいかもしれない

*mayの可能性は わからない が基本にあります canの可能性とは大きく異なる

*than we expected 私たちが予期していたよりも *thanの後ろに文的内容がくるpattern

You may need to bring a warm sweater because it can get chilly here at night.

暖かいセーターを持ってくる必要があるかもね、ここは夜に肌寒くなることがあるから

*わからない のmay と することがある としっかりと理解しているcan の違いが伝わる

*get 変化を表し 肌寒くなる

 

So, what’s the nuance of “chilly” ?

For me, “chilly” is not really cold. It’s like Uhhh! Just gives you the shivers or like that.

Yeah. I think that’s a good explanation. It’s that instant of uhhh!

 

Buhhh! I had no idea. Tokyo can be this cold?

Well, you know, I think it may be your age.

That’s why I feel warm. Yeah?

 

Bye.



2020
115Wednesday

Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino.


Are you serious? まとめて覚えてください 本気で言ってるんですか? Which one?

Well, since you are special listeners, why don’t you check out our special textbook?

 

Check your grammar

Since you’re a special customer, I’ll offer you one at cost price.

あなたは特別なお客様ですから、1着を原価でご提供いたしますよ

I’ll offer you will toしますよと意思を表す

I’ll put it in a bag for you. 意思のwill 袋に入れてあげますよ

I’ll offer you one at cost price. ~に~をあげる・くれる 授与型

*at 価格は天として感じられているため at

 

Build up your vocabulary

You can have either blouse. どちらのblouseでもお買い上げいただけます

*either ひとつひとつに目を向ける意識で使われています どちらか一方買えますよ

*either singular

Either candidate will do a good job. どちらの候補者もよい仕事をするでしょう

こちらでもあちらでも

You can have neither blouse. どちらのblouseもお買い上げいただけません

*neither どちらも~ない singular

You can have both blouses. 両方お買い上げいただけます

*both 両方okay 2つを一度に眺める両方 plural

Either you or I have to pick up the overseas visitors.

君か私が海外からのお客さんを迎えに行かなくてはなりません

Neither Kaori nor Martin came to my wedding.

かおりもMartinも僕の結婚式には来なかった

I listened to his first two albums, but I didn’t like either very much.

彼の最初の2つのアルバムを聞いたけれど、どちらもあまり気に入らなかった

*not either ひとつひとつに目をやってどちらも~じゃない

こちらも、あちらも好きじゃない

両手を出して 右を見てください 左を見てください eitherの感覚

両手を出して 両方見てください bothの感覚

 

Express yourself in English

I think either dress suits you perfectly.

どちらのdressも君に完璧に似合っていると思うよ

Both of my brothers love golf. 僕の兄弟は両方ともゴルフが好きです

I’ve read both of her novels, but I didn’t like either.

彼女の小説は両方読んだけど、どちらも気に入らなかった

 

*I didn’t like both 両方とも気に入ったというわけじゃない という意味

 

So, neither Rosa nor Chris help me.
Well, there must be a good reason for that, Rosa.

Of course, there is. And the reason is that I don’t like either of you.

What?

Including you!

Well, don’t include me! I was on your side.

Well, it hurts me to say this, but I actually love both of you!

Thank you so much.



2020114Tuesday

Hello, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Let’s have a great lesson.

Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Ah, Rosa. Can I tell you something?

Sure. Go ahead.

Ah, I forgot what I was going to say.

Anyway, let’s get started.

Lesson 187  Nobody came to my party!


Hey, guys. Be sure to check out the textbook.

It’s hard not to!

 

Check your grammar

Do you remember I told you that I was planning my first natto party in Osaka?

僕が大阪で初めての納豆partyを計画していると言ったのを覚えているかい?

英語を話すとき、日本語を思い浮かべてはならない

英語は英語で考え口から出さなくてはなりません

そのために必要なのは説明ルール 説明は後ろに置く

日本語を介在させずに英語の語順のみを意識して練習してください

Don’t take it personally. 自分のせいだと思わないでください

*take 手に取る 受け取る・受け入れる

*take=考える などと訳に頼ってもこの文は出てきません

しっかりimageを操ること

*personally 自分に向けられたものとして 自分の問題として

 

Build up your vocabulary

Nobody came to my party. 誰も僕のパーティーに来なかった

*no ゼロ 全くなし

*no=not any と同じように考えられがちですが、noのほうがはるかにつよいimpact

There are no donuts left. ドーナツが全然残っていない

There aren’t any donuts left. ドーナツが全然残っていない

So, “no donuts” is much stronger, right?

*no donutsの方がはるかに強いですよね

That’s right. It really emphasizes the fact that there’s none. So, there are no donuts left.

その通り。全くないという事実を強調しています。全くdonutsは残ってないのです

Single word you know, “NO” has an impact. 1つの語だから。NOの方がimpactがあります

I’m no expert, but this watch looks like a fake to me.

僕は全く専門家ではないんだけど、この時計は僕にはニセモノに見える

No children are allowed in the pool area unaccompanied.

子どもは同伴なくpool areaに立ち入ることはできません

 

Express yourself in English

It’s no fun having dinner alone. ひとりで夕食を食べるのは全くもって全然楽しくない

So, is it possible to use this type of combination, that is, it + verb ing?

Well, you’ve just used it.

Of course, it’s possible.

But anyway, it’s a great combination when you want to express, you know, the lively vivid situation.

This person is actually eating alone now. So, ING is just perfect for that.

 

No dogs are allowed in the park without a leash.

リードをつけずに犬を公園に入れることはできません

 

Hey, I’m unleashed. There’s no way you can stop me.

Ah…

What happened?

Why?

I got this month’s allowance.

Wow! Uncontrollable.

Unstoppable!

 

Bye.



2020
113Monday

Hi! My name is Rosa Akino. And I’d like to join your lesson.

No problem. Chris McVay here. You know, we must prepare well for all the lessons. And I mean everyone, okay?

Lesson 186 You must attend all the meetings, and I mean every meeting.


We take shogi very seriously. とても真剣に受け取っています 考えています

Well, the most important rule of our program is that you check out the textbook.

We take the textbook seriously.

Very seriously.

 

Check your grammar

We have some strict rules you must follow.

このクラブにはあなたが従わなければならない厳しい規則がいくつかあります

*some strict rules you must follow あなたが従わなければならない、いくつかの厳しいrule

I’m afraid you’ll have to leave the club.

残念ながら、clubをやめなければならないでしょう

 

Build up your vocabulary

You must attend all the meetings, and I mean every meeting.

すべてのmeetingに、つまりmeetingには毎回出席しなければなりません

*allはグループすべてをひっくるめて全部という大らかな表現

それに対してeveryはグループを構成するメンバーひとつひとつに緻密に目をやるすべて

*every 常に単数扱い ひとつひとつに目をやる感覚

All the country was excited about their team’s victory.

国中が自国のteamの勝利に熱狂した 国中全て

Who made all this mess? 誰がこんなに散らかしたの?

*mess 散らかっている状態

I don’t know what all the fuss is about.

僕にはどうしてこんな大騒ぎになっているのかがわからない

*fuss 大騒ぎ

Could you explain the situation “all the fuss” ?

Well, for me, a good example would be like, say, a mother is dressing her son in a suit and she’s fixing the tie and she’s fixing the collar and, you know, this and that and then the son would say, “What are you fussing about?”

So, it’s a lot of concern and a lot of worry and you imagine action going on.

Yeah! Yeah!

 

Express yourself in English

You can’t leave until you’ve answered every question.

すべての質問に答えるまで帰ることはできません

So, tell me what kind of situation this is?

Sounds a bit like a police interrogation, maybe.

*until you’ve answered every question 現在完了形 答え終えるまで 答えしまうため

You’ve eaten all the chocolates?

あのchocolate全部食べちゃったの? そこに置いてあったもの全部

I’ve read all your books, and I mean every one of them.

あなたの本はすべて読みました。1つ残らずすべてですよ

*all で全部と大ぐくりで始め、

そのあとそれらのすべて残らずevery と緻密に述べています

 

So, Chris, you’ve read every one of my books. So, what’s your impression about them?

I think they’re all brilliant.

Oh, good!

That’s because I’m the co-author.

Well, you know what guys. I’ve read none of your books. And I mean not a single one of them.

It’s your loss.

Yeah, that’s nothing you can be proud of, you know.

 

Bye.

http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

 

Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

 

Hello and welcome to the show.

This is Heather Howard.

Let's take a look at conversation at work.

 

ボクのところは、free-range parenting で子育てしたように思います。

一番下の子が高校2年生なので、まったく手がかかりません。

というか、ずっと手がかかっていません。(^^ゞ。

5人も子どもがいると、毎日が修学旅行状態で楽しかったです。

今は、上の子3人が家にいないので、寂しいですね。

 

 

Overprotective Parents (5)

 

 

McMillan explains the term "lawnmower parents" and says such parents actually harm their children by not letting them experience difficulties and failure.

Lyons concurs saying children need to develop a sense of independence to function in society.

Grace says some parents favor "free-range parenting."

 

 

Helicopter parent: Overprotective, overinvolved parents who are constantly hovering around their children, you know, trying to guide them or protect them more than necessary. Ah, you might say, "She's such a helicopter parent always lecturing her son's teachers and going to all his team practices."

 

Hover over: Remain over or linger over, ah, a person or a place, you know. Think of a hummingbird or a helicopter, you know, that holds one position in the air. Sometimes this means, ah, monitoring someone, watching to see what they're doing, ah. Personally I don't like it when people hover over my desk as I'm checking something. Ah, I often say, I'll bring it to you in just a second.

 

Obnoxiously: In an annoying way, ah, offensively, odiously. There's a sense of being pushy, bossy, you know, throwing one's weight around. Things like, she kept obnoxiously talking about all the famous people she knows. Or, he was really drunk and obnoxious at the party. That's to use the adjective.

 

Name dropping 有名人の名前を次々と出すこと

 

Clear someone's path of any obstacles: McMillan says, "Lawnmower parents will do anything to clear their children's academic and career path of any obstacles."

 

Impede:

 

Mean well: A person's intentions are good. And we often use this when, yeah, their intentions are good but what they did was not. Like, ah, you know, Jenny meant well. But it really wasn't appropriate for her to comment on John's weight. You know, maybe she was worried about his health or something but it wasn't appropriate for her to say something.

 

Ultimately:

 

Do someone a disservice:

 

Life lesson: A lesson we learn about life that will help us in living our life well. There's also "learn one's lesson." Ah, this means learning from some unpleasant experience. I once erased some very important files and I had no backups. I learned my lesson that day and now I backup.

 

There's no substitute for:

 

The school of hard knocks: Life, ah, in other words, learning form the tough experiences that come with life. Ah, hard knocks, you know, basically being hit, being hit hard. I learned how to do a good job interview, partly by doing some very bad job interviews. Still embarrassed to remember a couple of them, ah. But they were part of the school of hard knocks.

 

At the end of the day: Ultimately or after everything has been taken into consideration. You could say, "I quit because at the end of the day I didn't feel challenged at that company." Or, at the end of the day, money is not the most important thing in life.

 

Proactive:

 

Autonomous:

 

Functioning:

 

Pushback from: Opposition or resistance. Like, people here are pushing back against a type of child-rearing that they object to. You could also say, "There's been a lot of pushback against the new work schedule." Ah, people don't like coming in so early. Or, there's been pushback among the public, ah, against the new taxes.

 

Free-range parenting: Free-range chickens, ah, aren't penned up all the time. They're allowed to roam relatively free. Ah, so free-range parenting doesn't tightly control kids or monitor their every move. My father, ah, grew up in an era of free-range parenting. He said his mother was constantly telling him, "Go outside and play."

 

Long-leash parenting 子どもに長いリードをつけて放任する だけどどこかで親は見張っている

 

Hinder: Interfere with, ah, block, impede. The high cost of raw materials has hindered our profit growth. Or, his obnoxious attitude has hindered his advancement at the company.

 

 

That's all for today.

Take care. Bye.

これはブラックジョークでもなんでもありません。

このままでは恐ろしい世の中になります。

https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/kyouiku/1bunkakai/dai4/1-4siryou1.html



  • 子どもを厳しく「飼い馴らす」必要があることを国民にアピールして覚悟してもらう
  • 「ここで時代が変わった」「変わらないと日本が滅びる」というようなことをアナウンスし、ショック療法を行う


  • http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

     

    Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

    Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

     

    Hello and welcome to the show.

    This is Heather Howard.

    Let's take a look at conversation at work.

     

     

    Overprotective Parents (4)

     

     

    Grace says many parents become even more overprotective when their children turn 18.

    Ueda cites stagnant wages and higher expenses such as health care as reasons why its harder for younger people to become full adults.

    Lyons says people are having fewer children so parents spend more time and money on the ones they have, especially in wealthy families.

     

     

    Parental overprotectiveness: Too much protection from parents, excessive protection.

    Ah, we use "over" with a lot of words, you know to indicate that something is done too much or taken too far. She was overaggressive in her sales pitch, for example. Ah, the client felt intimidated. Or, he was overexcited during the meeting. He was talking very loudly.

     

    Intense:

     

    "emerging adulthood": Ueda says, Some people are now calling this period in young peoples lives emerging adulthood.

     

    Reflect: In this situation, ah, "reflect" means illustrate, ah, show. The strong job numbers reflect how the economy is recovering, for example. Or, his neckties reflect his personality, creative and daring.

     

    Full-fledged: Completely developed or having the full status, the full length of something.

    This uses the image of a bird that has developed its adult plumage. And you can also say, a fully-fledged adult. Things like, she joined us as an intern and became a full-fledged staffer two years later. Or, he became a fully-fledged member of the team in his junior year.

     

    Wage:

     

    Stagnant:

     

    Stay in constant contact: McMillan is using a little hyperbole here. I mean, obviously parents and children are not in contact 24 hours a day but they're in contact a lot of the time, like on a daily basis. He could also say, "It lets parents and their grown-up kids stay in constant touch with each other." We stay in touch via text messages.

     

    Undeniable fact: Lyons says, "Its also an undeniable fact that young people are marrying less and later these days."

     

    Marry less and later: Fewer young people are getting married. And when they do get married, they're marrying at later ages than people used to. It's common to see a verb applied like this to two different sections of a sentence. It helps avoid over-repetition of the same word. So, you'll see things like, I finished the first section last week and the second this week. Or, I ate there once last month and twice this month.

     

    Fork out: Pay a sum of money, ah, usually reluctantly or unenthusiastically. Ah, things like, I had to fork out 200,000 yen to fix the car. There's also the term, "fork over," which is to hand something over usually reluctantly or unenthusiastically. This can be money or a thing. Like, we had to fork over 20,000 yen to attend the reception. Or, ah, sweetheart, fork over that smartphone. C'mon, we're having dinner.

     

    Tutoring:

     

    Less-affluent background: Not as wealthy without as much, ah, in the way of financial resources. Lyons could also say, "less-wealthy or less-privileged."

     

    Advantage:

     

    Tremendous burden on: A huge weight that has to be carried. The loan payments are a tremendous burden on their finances. Or, to use it in the sense of actual physical weight, all this luggage put a tremendous burden on the car.

     

    Spend time and money on: Lyons says, "parents are having fewer children. So they spend more time and money on them." They devote, they expend more time and money in this area. Likewise, you could say, he spends a lot of money on clothes. Or, I spend a lot of time reading a newspaper.

     

     

    That's all for today.

    Hope you had fun. Bye.

      グラシアス(099-****-**** )に電話して、2021/1/9 の予約をキャンセルしてくださいな。
     
      以下の人たちにに電話して、亡くなった旨を告げる。
      S先生 (080-****-****)
      T歯科医院  (0986-**-****) 
      Tさん      (090-****-****)
      S工業 Oさん   Tel: 0986-**-****  (内線*-**-****)

    ブログ(ビジネス英語ディクテーション) http://tjjapanthegreat.livedoor.blog/
    twitter https://twitter.com/home   facebook https://www.facebook.com/  に
    死んだことを告知してくださいな。「TJ が亡くなりました。」

     葬儀は基本的に行わないこと。火葬にしてくれればokay。
     遺灰については、TJの墓に入れるのも、山に捨てるのもどちらでもokay。
     もしどうしても葬儀を行う場合には、祭壇や棺桶等、最低金額のものにすること。そして、家族葬にすること。もちろん家族葬も含めて葬儀はやらないのにこしたことはないのだが…。絶対に宗教はお断り!!!!!
     墓参りもしなくていい。
     花とか余計なものは買わない。

     もはや自分で意思表示できる状態でないので、これを読んでください。
     いっさい延命治療をしないでください。
     私は今日まで、自由に生きてきました。
     好きなことに打ちこんで、幸せな人生でした。
     家族をはじめとして、私と関わってくださった方々へ、
     今までほんとうにありがとうございました。
     
     自分らしく人生を終えたいと思っています。
     今、私は意識を失っているか、呼びかけに少し反応するだけだと思います。
     すでに自力では、呼吸もほとんどできないかもしれません。
     このまま命が尽きても、何も思い残すことはありません。
     だから、決して救急車を呼ばないでください。
     私を愛してくださっているなら、救急車を呼ぶことはありません。
     すでに病院にいるなら、人工呼吸器をつけないでください。つけられているなら、はずしてください。
     自力で飲んだり食べたりできないなら、無理に、口に入れないでください。
     点滴も、チューブ栄養も、昇圧薬、輸血、人工透析、高圧酸素療法、胃瘻なども含め、延命のための治療を何もしないでください。すでに行われているなら、すべてやめてください。
     もし私が苦痛を感じているようなら、モルヒネなどの、痛みをやわらげるケアは、ありがたくお受けします。
     今、私の命を延ばそうと力を尽くしてくださっている方に、心から感謝します。しかし、恐れ入りますが、私の願いを聞いてください。
     私はこの文章を、冷静な意思のもとに書いています。
     いっさい延命治療をしないでほしい。
     この最期の願いをどうぞ、かなえてください。
     決して後悔しないことを、ここに誓います。
     尊厳ある生き方をさせてください。死を迎えるのも生の一部分です。
     そして葬儀などお金のかかることはぜひともやめてください。
     お坊さん・神主等、いかなる宗教の介在も望みません。
     火葬など最低限の費用をかけていただくことを望みます。

    令和2年1月12日(日) 2020/01/12

    http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

     

    Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

    Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

     

    Hello and welcome to the show.

    This is Heather Howard.

    Let's take a look at conversation at work.

     

     

    Overprotective Parents (3)

     

    Lyons says the college bribery scandal strikes at the heart of societys sense of fair play and equality and that many parents today, whatever their financial and social status, are actively involved in their adult childrens daily lives.

    Soaring college tuition and housing costs are causing a lot of young people to seek their parents help, he says.

     

     

    Frustrating:

     

    Maddening: Makes us angry, you know, riles us up. Such as, it's maddening the way they keep changing the schedule. It's very inconvenient. Or, it's maddening how this computer keeps crashing. I can't get anything done.

     

    Play by the rules: Follow the rules, in other words. Obey the rules. Ah, this must come from the sports, ah, given the use of "play." You could say, "Ah, he always plays by the rules when doing his taxes, ah." No, pushing the boundaries on what's deductible and such.

    *deductible 控除できる

     

    Play by the rule book 規則集・就業規則集に従って行動する

     

    Feel betrayed by:

     

    Corrupt: Corrupt behavior is dishonest or illegal. It's particularly common to use this about the behavior of powerful people. The mayor was forced to resign after his corrupt business deals came to light. Or, to use the noun, the president ran on a platform of fighting corruption.

     

    Bald-faced: Grace says, "Grace: The bald-faced sense of entitlement and lack of ethics take your breath away, dont they?" We use "bald-faced" when someone does something bad. And they don't even try to conceal it. Shameless, ah, brash are good synonyms here. It's especially common to say "a bald-faced lie." Like, she said she never got the email. But that's a bullshit lie. I got confirmation that she opened it.

     

    Poker-faced bluffing が上手な

     

    Or, stone-faced. That's another common one.

     

    Sense of entitlement: "Entitlement" is the noun form of "entitle."  And "entitle" means give someone the right to claim something or get something. Like, everyone is entitled to 20 days off work a year. And "entitlement" is the noun often has the nuance of arrogantly believing we deserve to get something or we deserve to be treated a certain way even though we don't really deserve it.

     

    Lack of ethics:

     

    Take someone's breath away:

     

    Depressing:

     

    Stop at nothing to: Will do anything. Will take any step no matter how unethical. You might say, "That coach would stop at nothing to win the tournament." Or, that CEO would stop at nothing to dominate the industry.

     

    Progeny: Like offspring, this is a scientific formal sounding word. Grace uses it to mean children. Ah, but it can also mean descendants as a group. Things like, many of his progeny entered the political world. Or, her progeny live on three different continents.

     

    Get ahead: Succeed, ah, get ahead. Her parents hired a tutor to help her get ahead academically. Or, she studied at night to help herself get ahead in her career.

     

    Socio-economic status:

     

    Sever the umbilical cord: McMillan says, "It seems young people today are finding it harder to sever the umbilical cord." Biologically speaking, the umbilical cord connects babies with their mothers, ah, in the womb. We often use this about people who are too attached, you know, too dependent on their parents. Such as, he can afford his own apartment but he's still living at home. His parents need to cut the umbilical cord. Ah, to use a variation, you can also say "cut." And "apron strings" also refers to people's dependence, often overdependence on their parents. I went to a college far from home. I deliberately went to a college far from home because it was time to cut the apron strings.

     

    Umbilically connected 誰々に繋がって離れられない

     

    http://tjjapanthegreat.livedoor.blog/archives/120004.html

    Wu uses a phrase "function virtually as ". Virtually is a word that's often misused.

    In this case, it's used properly. It means it's not the same thing but it works the same way.

    So cellphones function like an umbilical cord.

    They keep a very close tight personal connection between a parent and a child.

     

    Wuさんは、function virtually as..という表現を使っています。virtuallyは、よく誤用される語です。この場合は適切に使われています。「同じものではないが、同じように働く」という意味です。つまり、携帯はへその緒のように機能する、ということです。親子間の緊密な結びつきを保ってくれるんです

     

    Skyrocket:

     

    College tuition:

     

    Norm: What is normal, what is standard, ah, behavior. Having a smartphone now is certainly the norm.

     

    Overall:

     

     

    That's all for today.

    It's always great to see you. Bye.

    20200110ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers (*^O^*)

    Smile にっこりする 音を出さずに笑うimage

    She looked at me and smiled in silence. 彼女は私を見て静かに微笑んだ

    *in silence 静かに

     

    Laugh 笑う 声を立てて笑う

    That’s so funny. I can’t stop laughing. それすごくおかしい。笑いが止まらないよ

     

    Minami, I bought a new jacket. How do I look?

    You laughed at me.

    No. I just smiled.

     

    Fake smile 作り笑い 偽物の(*^O^*)

    I don’t trust her. She’s always wearing a fake smile.

    彼女は信用できないよ。いつも作り笑いしてるもん

     

    Belly laugh お腹を抱えて笑うimage お腹を抱えるほどの大笑い

    He always has a good belly laugh even at my bad jokes.

    彼は私の下手な冗談でさえもいつもお腹を抱えて大笑いする



    20200109
    ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 最後にyのつく単語

     

    Bossy 威張った 偉そうな boss 自分の上役 上司

    He is bossy at home but shy at work.

    彼は家では威張っていますが、会社では内気です

     

    Sneaky adjective こそこそした 卑劣な

    sneak verb こっそりと出入りする こっそりと盗む

    That was a sneaky trick to win the match.

    それは試合に勝つための卑劣な手段だった

     

    Pushy 押しの強い 出しゃばりな 図々しい push 押す

    I don’t want to buy anything from pushy shop staff.

    私は押しの強い店員からは買いたくありません

     

    Picky えり好みする 好き嫌いが激しい pick 選ぶ 選び取る

    My daughter is very picky about what she wears.

    私の娘は着るものの好き嫌いが激しい



    20200108
    ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 大切 大事に関する単語

    Importance 重要性 重大さ important 重要な

    You need to understand the importance of this project.

    この計画の重要性を理解する必要がある

     

    Necessary 必要な なくてはならない

    If necessary you can contact me at home.

    もし必要なら私の自宅に連絡してもいいですよ

     

    Treasure noun 宝物 財宝 verb 大事にする 大切に持っている

    I treasure everything she has given me.

    彼女が私にくれたものすべてを大事にしています

     

    Essential 必須の 不可欠の なくちゃだめ

    Necessary 何かをするために必要なというimage

    Essential 欠かせない ないと成り立たない というimage

    Communication is essential for a healthy relationship in your office.

    communicationは職場での健全な人間関係に不可欠です



    20200107

    ボキャブライダー Hi! I’m Maxell Powers 体調不良に関する単語

    Ache 痛む 疼く

    My joints are aching because of the flu.

    インフルエンザのせいで関節が痛いんです

    Headache 頭痛 痛い場所と一緒にして使うこともできます

    Stomachache 腹痛 / toothache 歯痛

     

    Sprain 捻挫する

    I think I sprained my ankle. 私、足首を捻挫したと思います

     

    Vomit 吐く もどす

    I want to vomit but I can’t. 吐きたいけど、吐けないんです

     

    Scratchy チクチクする 痒い scratch引っ掻くこと 引っ掻き傷

    My throat doesn’t hurt but it’s a bit scratchy.
    喉が痛くはないけど、少しチクチクします

    Scratchy wool sweater チクチクするウールのセーター



    20200106
    ボキャブライダー  Hi! I’m Maxell Powers

    言えそうで言えない料理に関する単語

    Flour 小麦粉 flower the same pronunciation

    I want to make pancakes but I don’t have any flour.

    パンケーキを作りたいんですが、小麦粉がありません

     

    Pickle 酢漬け pickles 西洋風漬物

    Could you pass me the jar of pickles? ピクルスの入った瓶をとってください

     

    Seaweed 海藻 昆布とかわかめとか

    Seaweed is widely eaten in Asia. 海藻はアジアで広く食べられています

     

    Stock 出汁 スープの素

    This soup is made from chicken stock.

    このスープはチキンの出汁で作られています

    2020110日 Friday

    Well, hello, everyone. Are you excited for today’s review? This is Rosa Akino.

    Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here.

    What’s wrong? / What’s happened?

    I’m very excited like you said. So, let’s get started, okay?

    Doesn’t sound excited.

    Yippee!

     

    Lesson 185  Review

    Listening challenge

    Okay, everyone. Here’s the question.

    Question: What is the relationship between Sam and Emily?

    A  They are a couple.

    B  They are colleagues.

    C  They are a son and his mother.

    Here we go.

    Question: Where did Katrina and her husband buy a house?

    A  In Manhattan.

    B  In the country.

    C  In the city.

    Listen up.

    Question: Which fan did the woman buy?

    A  The most popular fan.

    B  The fan with an Edo period design.

    C  The more elegant fan.

    Listen carefully.

    Question: Which of the following is true?

    A  The woman doesn’t buy any oil.

    B  The woman thinks all the oils are expensive.

    C  The woman buys a popular oil.

    Here we go.

     

    Practical challenge

    Hey, guys. I know there are a lot of nuances that we learned over this week. But remember they are just nuances. So, don’t worry about it too much.

    Hi, everyone. Remember we don’t want any robotic English. I’ll get very angry if I hear that. So, live the situation and speak naturally. Okay?

     

    Do you have any recommendations other than the Zo Zoo?

     

    The Zo Zoo is not the only reason why this city is famous. We produce a wide variety of apples. Some are small and hard, and others are large and sweet. This is THE place for apple lovers! Please try some and spread the word. We’d appreciate your help very much.

    *the only reason  onlyが唯一の 1つに決まる the

    *a wide variety of 様々な種類の

    *THE(強く読んで特別感を強調) place 最高の場所・最適な場所 

     

    Many people say that the Zo Zoo is the reason to visit Saru City, but it certainly isn’t the only one. *the reason 1つに決まる理由 これ以外に理由がないことがわかる表現

    Another reason is that it produces a wide variety of apples. Some are red and others are green, but they are all delicious.  *another reason ほかにもいろいろある理由の1

    Try them and then tell all your friends about them. We’d be very grateful for your support.

     

    Well, speaking of apples, you know, one time I went apple-picking in Nagano. And there were so many apple types.
    For example?

    For example, there was even one apple that was black in color.

    Huh? Black?

    Yeah! It tasted so good but I had too many apples and later I got a stomachache because I ate too much.

    You know the saying… “You can’t eat too much of a good thing.”

    I know.

    Control yourself, Rosa.

     

    Bye.



    2020
    19Thursday

    Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino.

    Chris McVay here. But you know, there’s nothing cheap about our show.

    Oh! Of course not.

    Lesson 184  Some are cheap, and others are expensive.


    I love the intense rose scent of this one.

    *intense 何かが集中して強さを生み出している

    *scent いい香り


    OK, I’ll take it. 買いますよ という決まり文句

    Have you ever tried smelling our textbook?

    Yeah! I’ve tried that.

    And what kind of smell is it?

    Smells heavenly.

     

    Check your grammar

    I see you have a wide variety of herbal therapy oils.

    こちらのお店にはいろいろなハーブセラピー用オイルがそろっているようですね。

    So, ˈɜrbəl therapy is American pronunciation, isn’t it?

    Yes. That’s right. Actually, to be honest, I find it very difficult to pronounce that.

    We say, ˈhɜːbəl. So, ah, ah, ah, ˈɜrbəl.

    *oil 典型的な uncountable noun

    *oils 種類が想起されているから 種類は数えられるから countable

    There are so many different cheeses in the world.

    世界にはとても多くの種類のチーズがあります

    通常 uncountable 扱いの cheeseplural

    Are all the oils this cheap? どのオイルもこんなに安いのですか?

    *this thatnounだけでなくadjectiveも修飾できる

    I knew she was generous, but not that generous!

    彼女が気前がいいというのは僕も知ってたけど、そんなに気前がいいとはね

    I knew she was generous, but (I did) not (know that she was) that generous!

     

    Build up your vocabulary

    Some are cheap, and others are expensive.

    安いのもあれば、高いのもあります

    日本語訳で重要表現をわかったつもりになる癖は英語力を頭打ちにします

    *some image ぼんやりとある

    数量が定かではないものがあることが意識される表現

    *some are cheap からはぼんやりと 安いもの が目に浮かんでいます

    *othersは限定詞がつかず、とりとめのないぼんやりとした ほかの

    つまり、some … others は、クッキリとした象を結ばない こんなのもあるし、あんなものもある というぼんやりコンビ

    I know some good Italian restaurants. まぁいくつか知っているよ

    I know several good Italian restaurants.

    しっかりと具体的なレストランをあれこれ思い浮かべながら いくつか知っていますよ

    Could you explain the difference between these two?

    この2つの文の意味の違いを説明していただけますか

    Well, for “some”, like you said, it’s a very vague idea. I have some. I don’t know which ones exactly. But there’s some. It’s like a cloud, you know.

    そうですね、someは大西先生がおっしゃったように、とてもぼんやりした感じですね。Someを持っている というのは、正確にはどれかはわからないけど、いくつかある。雲みたいな感じ。

    Whereas if you use “several”, you have a certain number of specific restaurants in mind. You have this one or that one or… それに対して、severalを使うと、レストランが具体的に頭の中にあるのです。このレストラン、あのレストラン とか

    The one over there. あそこにあるレストランとか

    That’s it. そうです

     

    anysomeの疑問文・否定文での形」といった規則めいた覚え方も使いものにはなりません

    I don’t like some of your friends. あなたの友だちの何人かが嫌い

    ぼんやりのsome

    I don’t like any of your friends. あなたの友だちは誰も好きじゃない

    なんでも どれでも と選択の自由がimageany

     

    Express yourself in English

    We’re looking for somebody who can speak Spanish.

    私たちは誰かSpanishを話せる人を探しています

    *someのつく単語はいつもぼんやりしています

    Good seafood restaurants? Well, I can think of several.

    いい海鮮料理のレストラン? そうだね、いくつか心当たりがあるよ

    いくつか具体的な心当たりがある状況 someでなくseveralが適当

    I haven’t heard of any of these bands.

    私これらのbandについてはどれも聞いたことがありません

    全滅を表す not…anycombination

    *some ぼんやり

    *any 選択の自由

     

    So, Chris and Rosa.

    I’ll take you to the best sushi bar.

    Oh, that’s so great. I’ve been wanting to go.

    Someday.

    Someday? You said that a year ago and I’m still waiting.

    Hah! I can’t believe anything you say.

     

    Bye.



    2020
    18Wednesday

    Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino.

    Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Let’s get started.

    Lesson 183  Do you prefer the city or the country?


    No problem. This one is very popular. It has a bold Edo-period design.

    *bald 禿げている


    Our textbook has a wide selection of example sentences and grammar explanations.

    That’s why it’s very popular. So, check it out.

    It’s perfect.

     

    Check your grammar

    Let me know if you need any help. 何かお手伝いが必要でしたらお知らせください

    *me=knowするのを許せ

    This one is very popular. これはとても人気があります

     

    Build up your vocabulary

    Can you show me another? 別のものを見せてもらえますか?

    *another 複数あるうちの任意の どれでもいい ひとつ

    ほかにもあるうちの1つを意味する a/an にぴったりな使い方

    「別のモノ」という日本語にはこのanotherのほか、the other, the others, othersなどが対応しています。つまり日本語訳では区別がつかないということ

    Can you show me the other?

    *the other そもそも2つしかない場合に使います 2つしかなければ ほかの は1つに決まるため the other

    Can you show me the others? *the+plural 特定のgroup全体を表す表現

    例えば、Look at the penguins. なら、その場にいるpenguin全体

    the othersは ほかのものすべて

    Can you show me others?

    *others どれでもほかのものを複数見せてくれ

     

    Ken gave me a reason why he got divorced. Kenは彼が離婚した理由を話してくれた

    *a reason いろんな理由がある中のひとつ

    Ken gave me the reason why he got divorced.

    *the reason 致命的な1つしかない理由

    Ken gave me the reasons why he got divorced.

    *the reasons 理由全て

    Ken gave me reasons why he got divorced.

    *reasons 理由をいくつか

    Yeah, but this sounds a bit complicated. Do you really differentiate these four?

    少し複雑ですね。ほんとうにこの4つを使い分けていらっしゃるのですか?

    Well, there are definite nuances between the four. But I think the overall message is “relax.”

    そうですね。4つにはハッキリとしたニュアンスの差があります。でも、わたしたちの言いたいことは、「リラックスしてください」ということです

    That’s right. The nuances are different. But don’t worry about it being wrong. They’re all correct. その通りです。ニュアンスは異なります。でも、間違ったらどうしようなんて心配しなくていいですよ。全部正しいのですから

     

     

    Express yourself in English

    I’ve found one glove, but where is the other?

    片一方の手袋は見つけたけど、もう片方はどこにあるのかな?

    So, why do you always use “the other” for gloves?

    手袋に関して、どうして常にthe otherを使うのですか?

    Well, that’s easy. それは簡単ですよ

    Because they always come in pairs. One glove and the other.

    手袋は常にペアですから。1つの手袋に、もう片方の手袋

    Actually, an easy way to remember this is to say Love with a G in front of it.

    SO, good Love! GLOVE.

    実際の話、発音を記憶するための簡単な方法は、Loveの前にGをつけて、

    G-LOVE と言えばいいのです

    Oh! So cute!

    Oh! So sweet!

    I don’t like cheese, but the others in my family do.

    ボクはチーズは嫌いだけどほかの家族みんなは好きなんだよ

    This glass is dirty. Do you have another?

    このグラスは汚れています。別のはありますか?

     

    Hey! Waiter.

    Huh?

    This glass is dirty. Do you have another?

    Ah… Excuse me. Check your hands. It’s your hands that are dirty.

    M-m- My hands?

     

    Sorry…

     

    Bye.



    2020
    17Tuesday

    Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Welcome back to the program.

    Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. I don’t believe it, Rosa. That’s exactly what I was gonna say. You always steal my good lines. Anyway, let’s not fight about it. Let’s get started.

    Lesson 182  Do you prefer the city or the country?


    Congratulations! I know that you also have an apartment in Manhattan. Do you prefer the city or the country?  Congratulations お祝いが一杯 → おめでとう


    Chris, do you prefer the textbook or the program?

    I love both, actually.

     

    Check your grammar

    It has been several months, hasn’t it? 数ヶ月ぶりですよね?

    現在完了形 以前Katrinaが登場した時から今に向けて、時間の経過を視線が辿っている

    A lot has happened since then. あれからいろいろなことがありました

    過去の時点(then)から今に至るまでの間を視線が辿っている

    Both have their good points. どちらもそれぞれいいところがあります

    *both 両手に2つのものを持っていることを意識してください

     

    Build up your vocabulary

    Do you prefer the city or the country? 都会と田舎とどちらが好みですか?

    *the 誰もがあああれかとピンと来る共通のimage

    I love listening to you playing the piano.

    私は君がpianoを弾いているのを聞くのが大好きです

    モノとしての楽器 a piano / two pianos

    モノではなく誰もが知っているそうした楽器 the piano を弾く

    The police are after you. 警察が君を追っているぞ

    *the police みんなが知っているあの組織

    The rich are not always happy. お金持ちはいつも幸せとは限らない

    *the rich / the young / the strong / the weak

    誰しもが思い浮かべることのできるimageを結ぶためtheが使われている

     

    Express yourself in English

    I didn’t know you could play the guitar. 私は君がguitarを弾けるとは知りませんでした

    Don’t you think you should take him to the hospital?

    あなたは彼を病院に連れていくべきだと思いませんか?

    *the hospital 誰もがピンとくる 病院 という施設のこと

    By the way, in British English, we usually leave out “the.”

    We would say, “take him to hospital.”

    Right?

    So weird!

    Robin Hood stole from the rich to give to the poor.

    Robin Hoodはお金持ちから盗み貧しい人々に与えた

     

    So, some say Eric Clapton plays guitar, right?

    That’s right. Without “the.”

    Informal use, you can often leave out “the” if you like.

    But sometimes, it expresses an outstanding quality.

    Eric Clapton doesn’t just play the guitar.

    He plays GUITAR. Eric Claptonの弾くのはまさしくGUITARなのだ

     

    But please do remember that although like, in this instance, you could say, “Eric Clapton plays guitar” without “the.” Using “the” is the standard way to say it. So please practice it that way.

     

    Bye.



    2020
    16Monday

    Well, hello, everyone. We are so glad to have you back. This is Rosa Akino. Are you ready to start the day with English, English, English?

    Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Not only English, English, English, it’s THE English program.

    THE English program. Let’s get started.

    Lesson 181  You are the only girl I’ve ever loved.

    限定詞

    名詞の前にその名詞が文脈でどのように使われているのかを示すa/the/some/any/several

    Sam, can I ask you something?

    Sure, Emily. What’s up?

    Who were you talking to on the phone a few minutes ago?

    Oh, that was someone from work.

    *someone この話を深掘りされたくない そうした感触がこのぼんやりとした単語に見えてきます


    You know, many listeners say that our textbook is the only one they’ve ever liked. That makes us so happy.

    Really?

     

    Check your grammar

    Who were you talking to on the phone a few minutes ago?

    ついさっき、あなたは電話で誰と話していたのですか?

    *wh疑問文をうまく作るのに必要なのは 空所を作っておく 意識

    You don’t have to be jealous. あなたは焼き餅を焼く必要はありません

    *have to 強い客観的な必要性

    You mustn’t be jealous. 焼き餅を焼いてはなりません

    *must 主観的な しなくてはならないと、私は思う


    Build up your vocabulary 

    You are the only girl I’ve ever loved. 君は僕が今まで愛したただひとりの女性です

    *the 1つに決まる を表す限定詞

    1つに決まるのでなければ、onlyにもtheはつきません

    Junko is an only child. ジュンコは一人っ子です

    *only child は一人っ子 世の中にいる 一人っ子 の中のひとりですから an only child

    So, why is “only” combined with the indefinite article “a/an” ?

    なぜ、onlyが不定冠詞と結びついているのでしょうか?

    Well, that’s easy. I mean there are lots of only children in the world, aren’t there?

    それは簡単です。世の中にはたくさん一人っ子がいるからです

    And she is one of them. 彼女はその一人ですしね

    Yeah! そだねー

    *theの使用は 常に 1つに決まる 感覚につながっています

    Chris has travelled all around the world. Chrisは世界中を旅行したことがある

    私たちの住む現実の世界が1つにきまるため the world 通常のworld

    The Ritz ホテルリッツ  The Savoy サボイホテル

    The Independent インディペンデント紙

    1つに決まるほど、権威があり有名である the は名前につける王冠

    Imagine a world free from prejudice. 偏見のない世界を想像してごらん

    1つに決まらない 想像の産物なら a world

    Love is the reason to get married. 愛は結婚する唯一の理由だ

    So, when you want to put an emphasis on “the”, “the” is pronounced “ði”, right?

    That’s right. A very strong “THE!”

     

    Express yourself in English

    Our goal is to have a world free of plastic waste.

    私たちの目標はplastic廃棄物のない世界にすることだ

    想像上の世界 a world

    She was the first girl that I dated. 彼女は僕がつきあった最初の女の子だった

    最初の と言えば1つに決まり the first girl

    Was that the good memory for you? それってあなたにとっての嬉しい記憶なのですか?

    Well, I’ve been married to that girl for over 40 years.

    ええ。その女の子とかれこれ40年以上連れ添っていますよ

     

    I think champagne is the drink for a celebration.

    お祝い用の飲み物はchampagneしかないと私は思います celebration お祝い

    最も適した・最高の・これっきゃない the drink

     

    So, what do you think is the drink after recording?

    Well, you know, I think beer goes down very well after recording.

    Ah, I couldn’t agree more.

    Well, I’d have to stick with red wine.

    Wine? That’s a good idea too.

    So, Chris. Ready to go?

    Yeah. We have this plan right? to go for a drink. Let’s go.

    That’s right.

     

    Bye.

    IMG_1002

    http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

     

    Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

    Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

     

    Hello and welcome to the show.

    This is Heather Howard.

    Let's take a look at conversation at work.

     

     

    Overprotective Parents (2)

     

    Ueda says his mother pushed him to succeed but never went as far as the American parents involved in a recent college bribery scandal.

    McMillan describes the quid pro quo that donating a building or large amounts of money to a university means ones child has a better chance of getting in.

    Ueda talks about how some parents in the scandal bribed coaches to benefit their kid.

     

     

    Drive someone to: Here "drive" means encourage people in a certain direction, you know, toward a certain goal. I bet this image comes from urging animals, like, cows and sheep to go in a certain direction. There's also the term "driven", which we can use about people who are strongly motivated, who work very hard to succeed or achieve something. You could say, He's really driven. He takes three English classes every week.

     

    Hyphen-driven hyphenの前の言葉が主導権・強制力・推進力などを持っていることを意味する

    customer-driven market 顧客主導型市場

    employee-driven workplace 従業員が引っ張っていく職場

     

    Academically and professionally:

     

    Be satisfied with the status quo:

     

    Go to the length that Ueda says, "she never went to the lengths that those American parents did in the recent college bribery scandal."

    Ah, she never went that far. She never went to that extent.

    We also say, "go to great length." So, do a lot. He goes to great lengths to protect his online accounts, for example. He changes his password every month. Or, the company goes to great length to preserve its secrets. All the data is on a private server.

     

    Latitude in:

     

    University admission:

     

    Unspoken: Something isn't put into words, it isn't directly expressed. But the atmosphere is clearly there. You know the understanding of something. Like, there's an unspoken rule that we don't take office supplies home for personal use.

     

    Unwritten rule 不文律 unwritten agreement 口頭による約束

     

    Quid pro quo: This is Latin meaning something for something. So if there's a quid pro quo, someone does something and they get something back, they get something in return. Such as, ah, I help him with translations and he helps me with mine. Quid pro quo.

     

    Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 魚心あれば水心

     

    Have a better chance of: Be more likely to succeed or have some desired thing happen. Tom has a better chance of getting the promotion than Darrel, for example. You know, Tom has more experience. We also say "stand a better chance of something." You know. He stands a better chance of being promoted.

     

    It is a different story.

     

    When it comes to:

     

    Get enough credits to gratitude: Here ah, "credits" are recognition, ah, kind of points from a school that show you fulfilled a requirement toward a degree. I remember, you know, in order to graduate I had to have this many math credits, ah, science credits, ah, creative arts, expressive arts, I think they called it. Credit can also mean a source of honor or distinction. As in, do someone credit. You'll hear things like, his kindness does him credit.

     

    Earn credit 単位を取得する

     

    That's right. Sometimes high school students can earn college credits before they even get to college. You know by taking advanced courses and such.

     

    Receive media attention: Ueda says, "The cases that have received the most media attention involve lies and fraud "

     

    Fraud:

     

    Offspring: Ueda is talking about a child or children. Ah, this word can refer to one child or more. Ah, it's a formal or it's a scientific sounding word. We use it about animals too. Like, I've heard that, ah, elephants spend a long time with their offspring and their own hands-on parents.

     

    Two offspring singular-plural the same

     

    Celebrity:

     

    Indict:

     

    Underhanded:

     

    Prestigious: Has a very high status, ah, is looked up to and respected.

    Things like, he works for a prestigious law firm. Or, she's going to study at a prestigious research institute.

     

     

    That's all for today.

    Thanks for tuning in. Bye.

    http://www.nhk.or.jp/gogaku/english/business2/index.html

     

    Business Communication in Action  実践ビジネス英語

    Hello everybody.   こんにちは。みなさん。

     

    Hello and welcome to the show.

    This is Heather Howard.

    Let's take a look at conversation at work.

     

     

    Overprotective Parents (1)

     

    Grace tells her colleagues that a father came to his sons job interview, which Lyons describes as a sign of the times.

    Lyons says some parents today clean up for their adult kids and do their laundry.

    Ueda uses a Japanized English term for grown-up children who lived with and were supported by the parents.

    And Grace says shes heard the Japanese children ride the subway alone by first grade.

     

     

    Hear through the grapevine: Grace heard thorough office gossip, through information being from person to person in the office. You have the images a vine with multiple bunches of grapes on it. I guess the grapes are people passing the information down the vine. She could also say, "She heard through the rumor mill that a father went to his son's interview." And these expressions can be used about information passed among friends, ah, at a school. It doesn't have to be in office environment.

     

    Hear over the grapevine

     

    Negotiate a salary hike:

     

    On behalf of: As a representative of, or to serve the interests of someone. This expression often appears in speeches. You know, you might hear something like, "On behalf of Company Z, I would like to thank John for his long service." Or, to use a variation, ah, my accountant prepares and files my taxes on my behalf.

     

    At liberty to: Grace says, "Im afraid Im not at liberty to tell you whether the job candidate was hired."

     

    That takes the cake. Well, that is just outstanding. And according to the dictionaries I consulted, you can use this in a good sense or bad sense. Things like, he's made some crazy excuses for being late. But that takes the cake. His dog was depressed. So, he had to cheer him up. Or, on the good side, we'd had some big sellers. But this new product takes the cake. Sales are through the roof. 売り上げが急上昇している

     

    Sign of the times: Lyons says, "I guess it's a sign of the times."

     

    Do someone's laundry: To do the laundry or to do the wash is to wash your clothes. When I was in college, I did my laundry once a week. When we're washing cups and plates and such, we do the dishes. And when dry-cleaning is involved, we take the clothes to the cleaners.

     

    Laundry list 長々としたリスト

     

    Pay someone's utility bills:

     

    "parasite single": We also use "parasite" in general about people who take advantage of others' generosity and don't make proper return. You know, things like, he's such a parasite using other people's suggestions and taking their help. He never reciprocates.

     

    Japanized English: English-like expressions created in Japan as opposed to expressions or words that were taken directly from English. "Don't mind" is a well-known example. In America, we probably say, "Oh, don't worry about it. or, Never mind." in those kinda situations.

     

    Have no idea:

     

    Toxic:

     

    Parent-child dependence:

     

    Twixter: McMillan says, "I guess they're the cousins of twixters, as we used to call them."

     

    Parenthood: The state of being a parent, ah, likewise, we say, "motherhood, fatherhood."

    Parenthood involves a lot of love and a love of worrying.

     

    Hands-off: Not actively involved, ah, letting a person or a thing go its own way. You might say, "Our new boss is more hands-off than her predecessor. She gives the staff a lot more freedom in their day-to-day activities." And the opposite expression would be "hands-on." He's a very hands-on manager regularly making suggestions and requiring progress reports.

     

    Keep a tight rein on: Ah, restrain, curb, control something carefully. This expression uses the image of keeping a horse under close control by pulling tightly on the reins, ah, not letting it run around freely. Things like my company keeps a tight rein on traveling expenses. Or, the ministry keeps a tight rein on that industry. It's heavily regulated.

     

     

    That's all for today.

    Thanks for tuning in. Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello, everyone. Welcome to today's show.
     
    Lesson 32
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
    Another way of showing interest is taking a lot of notes.
     
    Taking notes?
     
    Should I write down everything as if I were in charge of taking minutes?
     
    Just write down important points.
     
    Such as key dates, numbers or decisions made.
     
    You could also enter them into your tablet or laptop.
     
    "Enter" in this case, means "to input data."
    For example, I entered my date of birth in the computer system.
     
    I'll do that.
     
    Well, Naoya san. I learned a lot from you today.
     
    I feel relieved now.
     
    "Relieved" means "to no longer feel stress or anxiety."
    When you're worried about something and then you receive positive news, you will feel relieved.
     
    Ah, that's right.
     
     
    Thank you so much.
     
    You're welcome.
     
    If you have any other questions, feel free to ask.
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    If you have any other questions, feel free to ask.
     
    Feel free to talk to me. Feel free to call me.
    Feel free to email me. Feel free to take these brochures.
     
    If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    As if
    My boss shook his head as if to say "No way."
     
    Minutes
    I hope you read the minutes of the last team meeting.
     
     
    Are you ready? Here we go.
     
    Another way of showing interest is taking a lot of notes.
     
    Taking notes? Should I write down everything as if I were in charge of taking minutes?
     
    No. Just write down important points. Such as key dates, numbers or decisions made.
    You could also enter them into your tablet or laptop.
     
    I'll do that. Well, Naoya san. I learned a lot from you today. I feel relieved now. Thank you so much.
     
    You're welcome, Lucy. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask.
     
    Wonderful job!
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    If in doubt, it may be better to ask.
    If you're in doubt の略

    When I was young, = When young,  

    Make sure to write down the points that need clarification.
     
    Well, in Singapore, one thing that I found quite bizarre and humorous was that a lot of companies allow their employees to dress very casually.
    When I would get on a commuter train, for example, there would be a few people in suits.
    But most everyone else would be wearing T-shirts and flipflops.
     
    Flipflops? Oh!
     
     
    Thank you for joining us today.
    Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello. Thanks for tuning today.
     
    Lesson 31
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    What should I do to make a good impression in a meeting?
     
    First, nod from time to time.
     
    "From time to time" means "Occasionally."
    For example, when I'm working to meet a deadline I look at the clock from time to time.
     
    I know that Japanese people sometimes move their heads up and down too much.
     
    But nodding is a positive gesture.
     
    "Nodding" is moving your head up and down to indicate agreement.
     
    I have the impression that it doesn't necessarily mean I agree though.
     
    It sometimes just means I'm listening.
     
    Nodding is a sign that you're interested.
     
    But you don't need to do it excessively.
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    Nodding is a sign that you're interested.
     
    Bowing is a sign of respect.
     
    There are signs that the economy is recovering.
     
    Nodding indicates interest.
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills

    not necessarily 
    I think these figures are not necessarily reliable.
     
    Excessively
    The application form for the subsidy is excessively complicated.
     
     
    Are you ready? Here we go.
     
    What should I do to make a good impression in a meeting?
     
    Well, two things. First, nod from time to time. I know that Japanese people sometimes move their heads up and down too much. But nodding is a positive gesture.
     
    Right. I have the impression that it doesn't necessarily mean I agree though.
     
    Correct. It sometimes just means I'm listening. Nodding is a sign that you're interested. But you don't need to do it excessively.
     
    Okay. I'll try that.
     
    Very well done.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    I think bringing a small gift is a nice gesture.
     
    Well, I like the gifting culture in Japan as I think it shows people's thoughtfulness.
    However, I sometimes forget about it because we have no such custom in the U.S.
     
    Thoughtfulness
     
    And in Singapore, I don't think there is as much of a giving culture in business because the government has strict laws regarding bribery.
    So people are probably afraid to give gifts when doing business.
     
     
    It's best to accept the invitation if possible.
     
    You must / you should を使うと命令のように聞こえてしまいますね。
     
    We go for a drink to unwind, relieve stress and build personal relationships.
     
     
    We are so happy you joined us today. See you next time.
    Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello, everyone. I hope you're doing well today.
     
    Lesson 30
     
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    You won't be judged as strictly as the Japanese.
     
    And minor mistakes are tolerated.
     
    Maybe.
     
    I want to show respect by doing things right.
     
    I appreciate your willingness to respect the local culture.
     
    I think manners in Japan are a bit more formal than they are here.
    At least in the initial stage.
     
    For example, exchanging business cards is almost a ritual.
     
    *A ritual is a series of actions that is done in a certain order and performed the same way each time.
     
    Exactly. You'll earn respect if you do it with great care. As time passes and the relationship gets closer, people become less formal.
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    I appreciate your willingness to respect the local culture.
     
    I appreciate your kind support.
     
    I really appreciate your valuable advice.
     
    I'm glad that you're prepared to follow the rules of the local culture.
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    Earn respect
    Paul began to earn the respect of his subordinates.
     
    With great care
    I always try to talk to my staff with great care.
     
    Now it's time to try the conversation.
    Do your best.
     
    You won't be judged as strictly as the Japanese. And minor mistakes are tolerated.
     
    Maybe. But I want to show respect by doing things right.
     
    I appreciate your willingness to respect the local culture. I think manners in Japan are a bit more formal than they are here, at least in the initial stage.
     
    For example, exchanging business cards is almost a ritual.
     
    Exactly. You'll earn respect if you do it with great care. As time passes and the relationship gets closer, people become less formal.
     
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
     
    The same rule holds true for foreign visitors.
     
    You must follow the same rule. より和らぐ
     
    If you show some effort, you'll be taken seriously by your host.
     
     
    Well, some advice that I might give is to be polite.
    In general, I think that Japan has a more polite business culture than other countries.
    So for example, when someone offers you tea, you should accept it and thank them.
     
    I don't have to thank them in the States?
     
    Well, it's tricky. 
    I think, ahm sometimes in the fast-paced business culture in the U.S., when someone offers you something, they're just doing it out of formality.
     
    And, ah, maybe if you say, "Oh, yes. Can I have a coffee please?"
    You're actually troubling them.
     
    Really?
     
    Yeah, sometimes yes.
     
    I always say, "Coffee, please." Even if I don't want to.
     
     
    We're so glad that you joined us today.
    Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello. Welcome to the show.
     
    Lesson 29
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    I was just assigned to go to Tokyo next month.
     
    *I was assigned to the marketing department.
     
    It'll be my first business trip to Japan.
     
    Really?
     
    It'll be a great opportunity to see the operation at the Tokyo office and meet the staff there.
     
    *"Operation" in this case is how things work day-to-day in the office.
     
    Yes. I'm so excited. But I'm a bit nervous too.
     
    I don't think you need to feel anxious.
     
    *"Anxious" means when you're nervous about a future event.
    For example, he was anxious about whether or not he would be promoted.

    Right.

    Umm. 

    But I hear business etiquette in japan is pretty complicated.
    *pretty かなり pretty good なかなかいい
     
    On the surface, it may look difficult from Singaporean manners.  表面上は
     
    But in practice, it's quite similar. 実際にはかなり似ています。
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    In practice, it's quite similar.
     
    In theory, it looks so simple, but in practice it's complicated.
     
    In reality, it's almost the same.
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    Be assigned to
    I've been assigned to head the next project.
     
    Nervous
    I'm a bit nervous about giving a speech at the opening ceremony. 開会式
     
     
    Okay. Here we go.
     
    Naoya san. I was just assigned to go to Tokyo next month. It'll be my first business trip to Japan.
     
    Really? It'll be a great opportunity to see the operation at the Tokyo office and meet the staff there.
     
    Yes. I'm so excited. But I'm a bit nervous too.
     
    Really?  I don't think you need to feel anxious.
     
    But I hear business etiquette in japan is pretty complicated.
     
    Don't worry, Lucy. On the surface, it may look different from Singaporean manners. But in practice, it's quite similar.
     
    Excellent work.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    You should make sure not to run out of business cards.
     
    It never hurts to be overdressed.
    服装に関して、気を遣うのに越したことはありません。
     
    Dress code
     
    Underdressed
     
    I remember when  I first started working as a performer in Tokyo there was a policy regarding winter and summer wear that was set by the date.
    And what happened was that even though it was still very cold, we were issued the summer wear costumes when that particular day came.
    And I couldn't really understand that policy at the time.
     
    Thanks so much for tuning in today.
    Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello. And welcome to the show.
     
    Lesson 28
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    One final point, we're Asians like you.
     
    So of course, we share some common cultural background and values.
     
    Yes. I'm sure there will be things that I won't need to explain.
     
    That's right.
     
    But having some things in common doesn't mean we both think in exactly the same way.
     
    Well "to have something in common" is "to have similar interest or values with someone else."
     
    It's important to remember that we're different.
     
    That way you can avoid making the wrong assumptions.
     
    I'll bear that in mind.
     
    Well, I need to go back to my desk.
     
    Thank you for your valuable input, Lucy.
     
    My pleasure, Naoya san. See you later.
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    Thank you for your valuable input.
     
    I'm forever in your debt.
     
    Your advice was very helpful. Thank you.
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    Bear in mind
    We need to bear in mind that the market may reverse at any moment.
     
    Assumption
    Our plan is based on the assumption that the economy will grow at 3% a year.
     
     
    It's time to practice the dialogue. Try your best.
     
    One final point, we're Asians like you.
     
    So of course, we share some common cultural background and values.
     
    Yes. I'm sure there will be things that I won't need to explain.
     
    That's right.
     
    But having some things in common doesn't mean we both think in exactly the same way.
     
    It's important to remember that we're different.
     
    That way, you can avoid making the wrong assumptions.
     
    I'll bear that in mind.
     
    Well, I need to go back to my desk.
     
    Thank you for your valuable input, Lucy.
     
    My pleasure, Naoya san. See you later.
     
    Nice work.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    Would you share an experience that annoyed you?
    Could you share an experience that confused you?
     
    I'm willing to field any questions regarding Japan.
    I'd be happy to answer any questions you have about Japan.
     
    Ah, yes. I think one thing that was strange to me in Singapore was the idea of always trying to be the best and being afraid of losing out.
    In Singapore, it's called "kiasu."
    For example, in the school where I taught, parents were very competitive and were worried about their child's progress to an extreme degree.
     
    Right. I think in the U.S., people don't grow up with the sense of competitiveness or fear of losing, so it was really difficult for me to understand people's thought process sometimes.
     
    Hmmm.
     
    Ah. Right.
     
    Thanks so much for tuning in today. We hope you had a great time.
    Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Welcome to today's show.
     
    Lesson 27
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    Regarding client meetings, is there anything I should know?
     
    Number 1: Be on time.
     
    Like in Japan, people value punctuality.
    punctuality  noun   punctual adjective  

    Arrive on time or even slightly early.
     
    I'm used to it. So that won't be a difficult practice to follow.
     
    What's Number 2?
     
    Be well prepared.
     
    It's important to demonstrate the value of our company and products from the very first meeting.
     
    The competition is extremely tough here.
     
    I understand.
    I hear people in the Chinese community value personal relationships, but they're also business-driven.
     
    Well, "business-driven" means  "trying to get ahead of the competition and always thinking about how to make the company more successful."

     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    Regarding client meetings, is there anything I should know?
     
    With regard to
     
    With respect to client meetings, is there anything I should know?
     
    In terms of meetings, is there anything I should be aware of?
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    be used to
    I'm used to going on overseas business trips.
     
    Tough
    We are faced with a tough business environment.
     
     
    Okay. Do your best.
     
    Regarding client meetings, is there anything I should know?
     
    Number 1: Be on time.
     
    Like in japan, people value punctuality.
     
    Arrive on time or even slightly early.
     
    I'm used to it. So that won't be a difficult practice to follow.
     
    What's Number 2?
     
    Be well prepared.
     
    It's important to demonstrate the value of our company and products from the very first meeting.
     
    The competition is extremely tough here.
     
    I understand.
    I hear people in the Chinese community value personal relationships, but they're also business-driven.
     
    Great job listening and repeating.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    I'm trying to find a middle way between the two cultures.
    お互いの譲るところは譲って中間点を探る
     
    I want to show respect for the local business culture as much as I can.
     
    商慣習
     
    Yeah.
     
    Well, once my boss asked me to attend a week-long marketing event in Malaysia at the last minute.
    Normally, I would have been very excited about this kind of trip.
    But that week, I had friends from the U.S. visiting.
    So it would have been difficult for me to go.
     
    Well, I asked my coworkers for advice about what to do.
    And they said to be polite but say no firmly.
    That's what I did.
    And it turned out to be fine.
    In Singapore, I think people are more assertive in general.
    So it's expected to give an answer quickly and directly.
     
     
    See you next time. Bye.

     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    How are you today? Thanks for tuning in.
     
    Lesson 26
     
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
    My impression is that the flow of business negotiations is somewhat different.
    Flow chart 流れや順番を示す図
    The flow of negotiations?
     
    In Japan, you normally leave price negotiations until the end, right?
     
    We think it's not worth discussing something if the price is not going to be realistic.
     
    *
    Well, "realistic" means that something will work in reality."
    It's often used in the negative form as in "not realistic."
    For example, the lauch date wasn't realistic so we couldn't sign the contract.
     
    We can't do it. We can't accept it.
     
    Right.
    *
     
    You mean you negotiate prices in the beginning?
     
    It depends.
     
    But we normally talk about prices before defining the other details.
     
    How interesting!
     
    I'm glad you told me that now.
     
    My client visits start tomorrow.
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    You mean you negotiate prices in the beginning?
     
    Paraphrase
    Do you mean Do を省略した形
     
    Are you saying you discuss prices at an earlier stage?
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    Worth …ing
    The seminar was worth participating in.
     
    Worth buying 買う価値がある / worth visiting 訪問する価値がある
     
    Define
    Could you please define the exact terms of the contract?
     
     
    Are you ready? Here we go.
     
    My impression is that the flow of business negotiations is somewhat different.
     
    The flow of negotiations?
     
    Yes. In Japan, you normally leave price negotiations until the end, right?
     
    Ah huh.

    Well, we think it's not worth discussing something if the price is not going to be realistic.
     
    You mean you negotiate prices in the beginning?
     
    It depends.
     
    But we normally talk about prices before defining the other details.
     
    How interesting!
     
    I'm glad you told me that now.
     
    My client visits start tomorrow.
     
    That was great.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    From my limited experience, I have a slightly different impression.
     
    Slightly different impression というとやわらかくなります。
     
    So, does it all come down to the price?
     
    It all comes down to 結局は~だ
     
    Well, I usually will start with a phrase such as "just to clarify,"  then restate the information that I was given.
    Finally, I'll use a phrase like, "Is that correct?"
     
    How was today's lesson? I hope you had as much fun as we did.
     
    Bye.



     
    And I'm Kellie Holway.
     
    Welcome to business communication in simple English.
     
    Yes. Let's learn how to communicate effectively in business.
     
    Hello, everybody. We're so happy that you joined us today.
     
    Lesson 25
      
    Okay, let's listen to today's business scene.
     
     
    It's been two weeks now since you joined us.
     
    How do you find life in Singapore?
     
    I find it comfortable
     
    "Comfortable" in this sense, means 
    "easy to live in or a place where you can relax."
     
    Convenient  / very exciting.
     
    Actually, I wanted to ask you about business practices in Singapore.
     
    Is there anything I should know?
     
    I think there are a lot of similarities to Japanese customs.
     
    politeness
     
    "Modesty" is "not being prideful."
    In other words, being humble.
     
    Saving face 顔を助ける 相手の顔を立てること
     
    But of course, there are differences too.
     
    I'm interested in hearing more about that.
     
     
     
    Business phrase of the day
     
    I'm interested in hearing more about that.
     
    Active listening
     
    Sounds interesting. Could you tell me more about that?
     
     
    Upgrade your communication skills
     
    Business practices
    It's important to understand local business practices.
     
    Save face
    Let's try to save face for our client this time.
    メンツを保つ
     
    Okay. It's time to try the dialogue. Do your best.
     
    It's been two weeks now since you joined us.
     
    How do you find life in Singapore?
     
    I find it comfortable, convenient and very exciting.
     
    I'm glad to hear that.
     
    Actually, I wanted to ask you about business practices in Singapore.
     
    Is there anything I should know?
     
    I think there are a lot of similarities to Japanese customs.
     
    Politeness, modesty, saving face and so on.
     
    But of course, there are differences too.
     
    I'm interested in hearing more about that.
     
    You did a great job.
     
     
    Tips for business communication
     
    It might take a while to get used to the new environment.
    It'll take some time to get used to the new environment.
     
    I haven't gotten used to the new environment.
     
    Well, another phrase you could use is,
    "Everything is new to me.
    So I'm still in the adjustment phase."
     
    Or, I'm sure everything will become more familiar with time.
     
     
    I'm particularly interested in the cost of the next project.
     
     
    We're so happy that you tuned in. See you next time.
     
    Bye.

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